CHARLES DAVID ROSEN, M.D.

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This study examined two related microRNAs, miR-27a and miR-27b, to see how they influence heat production in fat cells and overall metabolism. It found that when both miR-27a and miR-27b were removed, mice showed a significant boost in heat production and energy use, leading to less fat and better blood sugar control compared to those with either one or both microRNAs still active. This is important because it shows that these microRNAs can individually affect metabolism rather than always working together, which could help develop new treatments for obesity and related issues. Who this helps: This benefits patients struggling with obesity and metabolic diseases.

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This study looked at how well patients with swallowing difficulties caused by muscle problems (like Zenker Diverticulum) do after undergoing surgery. They found that out of 160 patients, more than 96% survived at least one year after surgery, and patients reported significant improvement in swallowing ability, with an average improvement of 12 points on a swallowing assessment tool one year post-surgery. These findings show that surgery is a reliable way to help people with these swallowing issues improve their quality of life. Who this helps: This benefits patients suffering from swallowing difficulties, particularly those with cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction or Zenker Diverticulum.

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This study looked at how nurses, especially students and beginners, deal with uncertainty in their work, which often makes it hard for them to make decisions. It found that students want clear answers but face conflicting information in real-life situations. The researchers suggest teaching methods that help students better handle uncertainty, like using interactive scenarios with color-coded cards to practice decision-making, which builds their confidence and skills. Who this helps: This benefits nursing students and educators.

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This study looked at how various blood markers change in people after they recover from COVID-19. Researchers tested 470 individuals and found that those with more severe cases had higher levels of glucose and other harmful substances, while certain nutrients were lower. Specifically, while some blood markers improved over three months, others remained abnormal for some patients, suggesting that COVID-19 can have lasting effects on health, particularly based on the severity of the illness and the patient's sex. Who this helps: This helps patients recovering from COVID-19 by providing insights into their health monitoring needs.

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This study looked at blood factors in 470 COVID-19 patients of varying severity to understand how their levels changed over time. Researchers found that key blood measurements, like white blood cells and red blood cells, changed significantly based on the severity of the disease and also at different times after infection. Notably, these changes were consistent across men and women and highlighted the importance of monitoring blood health in managing COVID-19 and its long-term effects. Who this helps: This information benefits patients recovering from COVID-19 and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how using ash from burned sewage sludge affects the tiny living things in the soil, like bacteria and fungi. Researchers found that in order to notice any changes in these soil communities, a lot of ash needed to be added—enough to recycle phosphorus effectively. This matters because reusing sewage waste could enhance soil health and sustainability. Who this helps: This helps farmers and environmentalists looking for eco-friendly ways to improve soil quality.

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This research studied the genetics behind psoriasis, a common skin disease, by analyzing data from nearly 36,500 patients and over 458,000 healthy people. They discovered 109 genetic markers linked to the disease, including 46 that had never been identified before, which may help scientists develop new treatments targeting specific proteins involved in psoriasis. This is important because understanding these genetic factors can lead to better therapies for managing the condition. Who this helps: This helps patients with psoriasis by potentially leading to new and more effective treatments.

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This study looked at long COVID, which affects about 1 in 10 people who had a severe case of COVID-19, leading to various ongoing health issues that can last for a long time. Researchers found that there's no single cause for long COVID; it could be linked to lingering virus, immune responses, or other factors, and certain groups are more at risk, such as women or those who were hospitalized. Understanding these aspects is important for better treatment and care for those still suffering after their initial COVID-19 infection. Who this helps: This information helps patients recovering from COVID-19 and doctors treating them.

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This study evaluated a tool called the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10), which measures voice-related problems, to see if it could be shortened without losing its effectiveness. Researchers found that two groups of five items from the original 10-item questionnaire still accurately identified voice issues like vocal fold paralysis, as demonstrated by similar test results for both versions. This is important because it means doctors can use a shorter questionnaire, saving time while still getting clear information on patients' voice health. Who this helps: This helps doctors and patients by streamlining the assessment process for voice problems.

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This study looked at a food supplement called SBD111 to see if it could help prevent bone loss in 286 women who were recently postmenopausal. While the overall results showed no significant impact on bone loss for all participants, women with a higher body mass index (BMI of 30 or more) saw a 0.97% reduction in bone loss at the hip, and those with osteopenia experienced a 0.89% decrease at the neck of the femur. This matters because it suggests that SBD111 might be beneficial for specific groups of women at risk for more severe bone loss. Who this helps: Women in early menopause, particularly those with higher BMI or osteopenia.

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Researchers studied changes in fat tissue in people who had COVID-19 to see if it was linked to Long COVID symptoms that last for months. They found that while there were significant changes in fat tissue after COVID-19 infection—like decreased immune responses—no evidence of the virus remained in the fat, and these changes were not linked to Long COVID. This is important because it helps clarify that fat tissue isn't a main player in the ongoing issues faced by Long COVID patients, which can guide future research and treatments. Who this helps: This helps patients suffering from Long COVID and doctors working to understand their symptoms.

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The study examines how science is communicated to the public in Latin America, identifying both progress and challenges in this area. It highlights the importance of creating inclusive policies and better evaluation methods to improve public understanding and participation in science, especially in addressing social inequalities. Overall, better science communication can strengthen the link between science and society, ultimately benefiting the scientific community and the public. Who this helps: This helps patients, the general public, and scientists.

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This study looked at the number of people with HIV in Southern Alberta who have been infected with Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that can cause serious health issues. Out of 4,424 individuals with HIV, 16% tested positive for the parasite, and cases of T. gondii-related diseases were found in 36 people, with a notable number experiencing severe health impacts, including five deaths. The research highlights that the infection rates are rising, especially among older patients and those born outside of North America, emphasizing the urgent need for prevention strategies. Who this helps: This benefits patients with HIV, healthcare providers, and public health officials.

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This study looked at how tiny particles called exosomes help regulate the heat production in special fat cells known as beige adipocytes, which play a role in burning calories instead of storing them as fat. The researchers found that when beige fat cells are activated, they quickly release exosomes that actually help reduce this calorie-burning process. By blocking or boosting the release of these exosomes, they were able to increase or decrease energy use in mice, showing that exosome trafficking is crucial for regulating how effectively body fat burns energy. Who this helps: This helps patients dealing with obesity and diabetes by pointing to new potential treatments.

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This study looked at a medical food called SBD111, which is designed to help manage bone loss in women who have recently gone through menopause. While the overall results showed that SBD111 didn't help all participants reduce bone loss, it was beneficial for women who had low bone density (osteopenia) and a higher body mass index (BMI of 30 or more), showing a bone loss reduction of about 0.89% in certain areas. This is important because it points to a potential dietary option for women at higher risk of bone loss, helping them maintain better bone health. Who this helps: Women who are postmenopausal, especially those with osteopenia and elevated BMI.

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This study examined the use of a developmental screening tool called the Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC) in a clinic that cares for young children. Researchers aimed to have at least 50% of well-child visits for kids aged 8-33 months include this screening, and they achieved this in just four months. The use of the SWYC led to a 2.9 percentage point increase in referrals to social work for early intervention after it was implemented, showing that more developmental concerns were identified across different language groups. Who this helps: This benefits young children and their families, particularly those from diverse language backgrounds.

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This study looked at how age affects the symptoms and frequency of Long COVID, which are the ongoing health issues people may face after recovering from COVID-19. Researchers found that among older adults (60 years and up), the likelihood of experiencing significant Long COVID symptoms was lower, particularly for those over 70. For example, those aged 40-49 were 40% more likely to report long-term symptoms compared to younger adults, while those 70 and older were 32% less likely to report them compared to adults aged 18-39. Who this helps: This information benefits healthcare providers and older patients who may be experiencing Long COVID symptoms.

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This study examined how a constant awareness of social media, known as online vigilance, affects mental health, stress, and the fear of missing out (FoMO) among 260 individuals. The researchers found that higher online vigilance is linked to poorer mental health, and stress plays a role in this negative relationship. It’s important because understanding these connections can help manage stress and improve mental health, particularly in our increasingly digital world. Who this helps: This helps patients struggling with mental health issues, particularly those affected by social media.

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This study examined the behavior of strontium atoms when they are excited by multiple light pulses, focusing on specific energy states where two electrons become very excited. Researchers found a series of these excited states that align with the point where two electrons can be ejected from the atom, confirming their findings with detailed calculations. Understanding these electron behaviors is important because it can help us learn more about atomic and molecular interactions, which can have applications in fields like quantum computing and materials science. Who this helps: This benefits researchers and scientists working on quantum technologies and materials.

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This study looked at how consistent the skin-related content is on Instagram Reels when using the hashtag #Sunscreen, no matter how popular a user's previous posts were. The researchers found that all content under this hashtag provides reliable dermatology information, which means hashtags can be a useful way to study skin health topics on social media. This matters because it helps ensure that important skin health messages reach a wide audience effectively. Who this helps: This benefits dermatology patients and healthcare professionals seeking reliable information online.

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This study looked at the hormone prolactin (PRL) and its role in the immune system, especially during viral infections and autoimmune diseases. Researchers found that high levels of PRL can enhance immune responses by stimulating certain immune cells, which helps fight off viruses, but can also be linked to autoimmune diseases. Understanding how PRL works is important because it could lead to better treatments for infections and conditions where the immune system attacks the body. Who this helps: Patients with viral infections and autoimmune diseases.

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This study looked at a new ingestible capsule called FIREFLI, designed to quickly and accurately diagnose acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI), a serious condition caused by reduced blood flow to the intestines. The results showed that this capsule was highly effective, achieving 90% overall accuracy, with a remarkable 98% sensitivity (meaning it correctly identified almost all cases of AMI) and 85% specificity (meaning it accurately ruled out healthy patients). This method is important because it offers a quick and simple way to detect AMI without invasive procedures, which could lead to faster treatment and better outcomes for patients. Who this helps: This helps patients with abdominal pain that could be caused by mesenteric ischemia, allowing for quicker diagnosis and treatment.

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This study looked at how well a brain stress test, called cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), can predict the risk of stroke in patients with narrowed blood vessels in the brain. Out of 83 patients tested, 69 had impaired CVR, and all strokes observed (4 out of 83) happened in these patients, while those with normal CVR had no strokes. This matters because it shows that patients with normal CVR are at a low risk for stroke, which can help doctors determine the best treatment approach. Who this helps: This research helps doctors better assess stroke risk in patients with narrowed brain blood vessels.

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This study looked at how bone mineral density (BMD) relates to the risk of developing dementia or Alzheimer's disease. It analyzed data from over 4,400 older adults and found that people with higher BMD at the start of the study had a 53% lower risk of being diagnosed with dementia within ten years. In contrast, while losing bone density over time was linked to a greater risk of dementia, this finding was only significant in one of the studies. Who this helps: This information benefits older adults concerned about dementia and healthcare providers looking for ways to assess and manage dementia risk.

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This study looked at the risks associated with creating custom medications for children with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a serious condition affecting blood flow in the lungs. The researchers found that when standard low-dose medications are unavailable, doctors often have to create special formulations, which can lead to mistakes. For example, a significant error occurred when a child received too little of their medication, resulting in a severe heart problem. This is important because medication errors can be life-threatening for children who are already in vulnerable health situations. Who this helps: This helps children with pulmonary arterial hypertension and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how a hormone called follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) affects memory problems in mice that have traits similar to Alzheimer's disease. Researchers found that when they lowered FSH levels in the mice, especially in those with higher gene expression related to FSH, the mice showed better memory performance at ages 5 and 10 months. This is important because it suggests that blocking FSH could help prevent memory loss in aging women, particularly those who are post-menopausal. Who this helps: This helps post-menopausal women at risk for Alzheimer's disease.

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This study looked at how different types of social disadvantages, like class background, race, and education, affect long-term job and financial success for people with psychosis over a 20-year period. Researchers found that the group facing the greatest social challenges, characterized by low parental class and education levels, had consistently worse employment and financial situations than those with fewer disadvantages. This highlights the need for early support and targeted programs to help those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged. Who this helps: This helps patients living with psychosis, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds.

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This study looked at Veterans Affairs (VA) clinics treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to see why some clinics help more patients with substance use disorders (SUD) than others. It found that clinics serving a high percentage of patients with both PTSD and SUD offered better treatments and had staff with more current skills than those serving fewer patients with these co-occurring issues. By learning from the successful clinics, the VA can enhance care for veterans struggling with both PTSD and substance abuse. Who this helps: This helps veterans facing PTSD and substance use issues.

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This study looked at the long-term patterns of paranoia in people with severe mental health issues over 20 years. Researchers analyzed data from 135 individuals and found that paranoid thoughts, particularly feelings of being persecuted and ideas that everything is related to them, are very stable and often return once they occur. Specifically, the study showed that when someone experiences these paranoid thoughts, they are likely to continue experiencing them in the future, with social factors affecting only the severity of one type of paranoia. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with psychosis and their healthcare providers by identifying areas for targeted treatment.

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This study looked at how well young adults with spina bifida (SB) adjusted to healthcare after moving from pediatric to adult care. Out of 52 participants, 78% attended at least one primary care visit since transitioning, but 45% experienced serious health issues, such as needing emergency care or hospitalization. It found that patients felt their previous pediatric doctors were more knowledgeable than their current adult doctors, which is important because proper care can significantly impact their health outcomes. Who this helps: This benefits adults with spina bifida and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how a protein in mosquito saliva called Nest1 affects the body's immune response to the Zika virus. Researchers found that Nest1 attaches to a human protein called CD47 more strongly than its usual partner, which tricks the immune system into not attacking. This means that Zika virus can spread more easily in the skin, suggesting a way that mosquitoes help viruses infect humans. Who this helps: This information benefits researchers and public health officials working on controlling mosquito-borne viruses.

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This research studied the use of lung cell transplantation to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a severe lung disease with limited treatment options. The researchers found that transplanting lung cells into mice created new healthy lung tissue and reduced lung scarring, which was confirmed by various tests two months after the procedure. This matters because it presents a potentially effective treatment approach for a condition that currently has few options. Who this helps: Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

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This study looked at how Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis are connected at a molecular level. Researchers analyzed brain tissue from over 600 people and bone samples from 84 postmenopausal women. They found that certain groups of genes related to both diseases overlap, indicating shared biological pathways, especially involving Wnt signaling. This knowledge could lead to new treatments and tests for both Alzheimer's and osteoporosis. Who this helps: This benefits patients suffering from Alzheimer’s and osteoporosis, as well as their doctors.

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This study looked at how taking metformin, a medication for diabetes, affects the likelihood of developing long COVID in adults with type 2 diabetes. It found that people using metformin had a lower risk of death or long COVID symptoms, with a 21% lower chance of these outcomes compared to those on other diabetes medications. This is important because it highlights how metformin may help improve recovery in diabetes patients who contract COVID-19. Who this helps: This benefits patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly those who have or are at risk for COVID-19.

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This study looked at a mobile app called PTSD Family Coach, designed to help family members of veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by providing support and resources. Out of 200 participants, nearly half did not use the app at all, and those who did found it only somewhat satisfying and moderately helpful. Despite these mixed results, using any app was linked to lower stress levels, indicating that some support may be beneficial. Who this helps: This research can benefit family members of veterans with PTSD by exploring ways to support their mental health.

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This study looked at the long-term health effects of participating in elite sports among retired female athletes, specifically focusing on their musculoskeletal, mental, reproductive, and cardiovascular health. Out of 74 athletes surveyed, 85% had experienced injuries, with two-thirds still suffering from ongoing symptoms, and while they reported fewer anxiety issues, many had faced harassment during their careers. Most of the athletes rated their health as above average and expressed a willingness to compete at the same level again, highlighting both the challenges they faced and their resilience. Who this helps: This research helps retired female athletes, coaches, and health professionals by providing insights into the unique health challenges they may encounter.

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This study looked at a phenomenon called "sensed presence," where people feel someone or something is with them, even when it isn’t there. Researchers found that those who frequently experience this sensation also tend to show higher signs of early psychosis and creativity. Specifically, one group (T3) reported the most intense feelings of sensed presence and a greater chance of developing psychosis compared to others. Who this helps: This information can benefit mental health professionals and clinicians working with patients experiencing unusual perceptions.

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This study examined how injuries caused by the brain twisting—such as those from falls or sports—affect brain function. Researchers found that a specific protein called Cdk5 plays a key role in causing damage after these rotational injuries, and stopping this protein can reduce cognitive decline and other negative consequences of the injury. Understanding this mechanism can lead to better treatments for people who suffer from these types of brain injuries. Who this helps: This helps patients with traumatic brain injuries and their doctors.

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This study looked at a new imaging method called magnetic particle imaging (MPI) to track tiny nanoparticles used for delivering drugs directly to joints in mice. Researchers found that nanoparticles could stay in the joints for at least 42 days using MPI, while another method, fluorescence imaging, suggested they cleared in just 14 days. This is important because knowing how long these nanoparticles last in the body can help improve their effectiveness for treating joint conditions. Who this helps: Patients with joint issues who might benefit from better drug delivery methods.

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This study looked at a new approach for helping veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by using a combination of support from mental health clinicians and a mobile app called "PTSD Coach." In a trial with 234 veterans, those using the new approach reported a 28% increase in symptom relief compared to standard treatment, and they participated in 74% more sessions, indicating higher satisfaction with the care they received. However, the overall severity of PTSD symptoms rated by clinicians did not show significant improvement between the two treatments. Who this helps: This study benefits veterans dealing with PTSD by providing them with more accessible and satisfying treatment options.

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This research paper examines the "felt presence experience," where people feel that someone else is with them, even though there is no one there. The study highlights that this feeling can range from comforting to unsettling and is linked to various conditions like sleep paralysis, anxiety, and even experiences in sports or spirituality. Understanding this phenomenon is important because it can shed light on how we perceive our bodies and detect social interactions, which can help in treating both mental health disorders and improving general well-being. Who this helps: This benefits patients experiencing anxiety or psychosis, as well as healthcare professionals working in mental health.

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Researchers studied a new type of stem cell treatment for type 1 diabetes in mice that are prone to the disease. They found that this method led to significant changes in the immune system, successfully preventing diabetes in the mice without any serious side effects or transplant-related deaths. This is important because it shows a potential way to protect people at risk of developing the disease or to preserve insulin-producing cells after a transplant. Who this helps: This helps patients at risk for type 1 diabetes and those receiving beta cell transplants.

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Researchers studied the genetic factors that contribute to psoriasis, examining data from nearly 37,000 people with the disease and over 458,000 without it. They found 109 genetic locations linked to psoriasis, including 45 that were previously unknown, which could point to new treatment options. This is important because understanding the genetics of psoriasis could lead to more effective therapies that target the specific biological mechanisms involved in the disease. Who this helps: This helps patients with psoriasis and their doctors by providing insights for better treatment options.

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This study examined how irisin, a protein released by muscles during exercise, affects cells that help remodel bones. Researchers found that when these cells were treated with irisin, they showed more activity and energy production, leading to a 30% increase in oxygen consumption and improved energy reserves. This is important because it suggests that irisin plays a key role in bone health by supporting the cells that break down old bone to make way for new bone. Who this helps: This benefits patients with bone health issues, particularly those facing osteoporosis or other bone-related conditions.

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Researchers studied how to improve woodchip bioreactors, which help remove harmful nitrate from farm runoff, especially during cold weather when their effectiveness drops. They found that adding cold-adapted microbes and extra carbon increased the performance of these bioreactors by enhancing microbial activity. This is important because it offers a way to better tackle nitrate pollution in agricultural areas, which can harm water quality and the environment. Who this helps: This helps farmers and environmental managers working to reduce nitrate pollution.

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This study looks at how standing on the job affects both workers' health and the success of businesses. It highlights that while standing is often necessary for good performance and customer service, it’s important for companies to also consider the health impacts of requiring employees to stand for long periods. By balancing these needs, businesses can create a safer and more effective workplace. Who this helps: This helps workers and employers in managing health and performance in jobs that require standing.

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This study looked at how keeping patients on their regular dose of buprenorphine during elective surgery affects their pain control and opioid use afterward. Researchers found that when patients continued their full dose of buprenorphine, they managed their pain better in the first 24 hours after surgery, leading to less need for additional opioids. This matters because it helps improve pain management and may reduce the risk of relapse for individuals recovering from opioid use disorder. Who this helps: This helps patients undergoing surgery who are in treatment for opioid use disorder.