JACK D. GOLDSTEIN, M.D.1208

Plain English
This study looked at how comfortable and confident paramedics feel when providing emergency care to transgender and gender diverse individuals. Out of 387 paramedics surveyed, only 4.9% felt very confident in their knowledge about transgender identities, and about 26.6% felt very comfortable giving quality care. Many paramedics (74.7%) had not received any formal training on this topic, and 70% wanted more education included in their training to improve care for these populations. Who this helps: This benefits transgender and gender diverse patients by ensuring that paramedics are better prepared to meet their healthcare needs.

Plain English
This study looked at how a specific protein called Erg affects the development of blood cells throughout different life stages. Researchers found that increasing levels of Erg from pre-birth to adulthood are crucial for the proper formation and renewal of blood stem cells and their ability to become different types of blood cells. When Erg is reduced, it can lead to problems that keep the body's blood formation stuck in a youthful state, which may contribute to certain blood diseases that are more common as people age. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with age-related blood disorders and their doctors by improving understanding of blood cell development.

Plain English
This study looked at how mental imagery training can help people with Parkinson's disease improve their cognitive functions. Researchers found that participants who took part in the mental imagery training had better cognitive scores after six weeks and showed changes in brain connectivity, with 100% of participants staying in the study throughout the training. These findings are important because they suggest that mental imagery training may be a promising approach to address cognitive issues in Parkinson's patients. Who this helps: Patients with Parkinson's disease.

Plain English
This paper reviews how a harmful toxin from certain bacteria affects the brain. It found that this toxin can cause serious brain issues in 11% to 64% of patients with a related kidney condition and even affects 5% of those without it, leading to inflammation and damage to brain cells. The findings are important because they highlight the need for better ways to diagnose and treat these brain problems before they worsen. Who this helps: This helps patients suffering from complications due to Shiga toxin and their doctors.

Plain English
This study examined a new technology called ECCO2R to help patients with mild to moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who are placed on mechanical ventilation. The researchers treated 58 patients and found that after 24 hours, key measures of ventilation improved significantly: the amount of air delivered to the lungs decreased from 6.0 to 4.0 mL/kg, and respiratory pressures and power needed for ventilation also dropped. Importantly, there were no serious safety issues reported, making this approach promising for safely managing respiratory distress in these patients. Who this helps: Patients with ARDS and their healthcare providers.

Plain English
This study examined how to effectively identify individuals with low vision and legal blindness using simple yes/no questions instead of costly visual acuity tests. It found that specific questions, like whether someone can read menus in a restaurant or keyboard letters while seated at a computer, can accurately indicate vision issues, achieving sensitivity rates of up to 89%. This matters because it offers a quick and affordable way to screen for vision problems in settings where traditional testing isn't feasible. Who this helps: This benefits patients who may have low vision or be legally blind, making it easier to identify and address their needs.

Plain English
This study looked at ways to improve the transition of care for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) when they leave the hospital. Researchers tested different methods of delivering care plans—either in-person or virtually—across 20 different healthcare sites. They found that focusing on effective care strategies can help reduce the number of emergency room visits and hospital readmissions for these patients, which is crucial for improving their overall health and reducing healthcare costs. Who this helps: This benefits patients with COPD and the doctors who care for them.

Plain English
This study looked at wildlife living in North America's coastal wetlands, such as tidal marshes and mangroves. Researchers set up camera traps in 32 different locations and recorded 146 species, including 104 birds, 36 mammals, and 6 reptiles and amphibians. The findings show that these wetlands are crucial habitats for many species, especially since they might be threatened by rising sea levels. Who this helps: This benefits conservationists and wildlife managers who work to protect coastal ecosystems.

Plain English
This study looked at the experiences of parents raising deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) children in French-speaking communities in Canada, where services are limited. Researchers interviewed 14 parents and found that while the French language is crucial for their children's development, many faced challenges due to a lack of available services and resources in French. These findings highlight the need for better access to French-language support for DHH children in minority communities. Who this helps: This helps families with deaf or hard of hearing children in French-speaking areas of Canada.

Plain English
This research studied a specific type of fast-moving ion flow called subauroral ion drift (SAID) during a geomagnetic storm, using data from three DMSP satellites on June 1, 2013. The researchers discovered that SAID develops in two main stages: it first expands outward without changing width and later stabilizes while the electric fields strengthen. They also found that the related midlatitude trough has three development stages, including an initial gradual change and a sharp drop in plasma density that lasts for several hours during the storm’s peak. Who this helps: This research benefits scientists studying space weather and its effects on communication and navigation systems.

Plain English
This study explores how technology, including artificial intelligence, can improve the teaching of neurology, making it less intimidating for students and educators. It highlights that using these new tools can enhance learning and reduce the time teachers spend preparing lessons. This matters because better education in neurology could lead to more confident and skilled doctors who can better serve their patients. Who this helps: This helps medical students and neurologists.

Plain English
This study looked at how stress affects paramedics' ability to use a tool called a bougie when trying to place a breathing tube in a difficult airway situation. They found that when paramedics were stressed, they were significantly less accurate, correctly identifying the placement only 31% of the time compared to when they were not stressed. Specifically, during stressful tests, their accuracy dropped to around 25%, indicating that stress impacts their decision-making ability, even though many didn't feel less confident about their choices. Who this helps: This helps paramedics and healthcare providers who may encounter stressful situations during emergencies.

Plain English
This study looked at how well emergency departments can use two different methods (or "bundles") to treat sepsis as quickly as possible, one within one hour and the other within three hours, to see which approach works better. The researchers found that both methods were generally accepted by the staff and led to some important changes to improve the treatment process, including 15 specific adaptations aimed at making the implementation easier and more effective. Understanding and improving how sepsis treatment is implemented is crucial because it can help save lives and improve health outcomes for patients suffering from this serious condition. Who this helps: This helps patients with sepsis and the doctors treating them.

Plain English
This study examines three yeshiva students who developed anorexia due to their intense desire for spiritual growth and dedication to their faith, which led to dangerous weight loss and hospitalization. Unlike typical cases of anorexia, these young men were not aiming to change their body size but instead sought a deeper connection with their spirituality. Recognizing this unique type of anorexia and the underlying cultural motivations is crucial for effective treatment, with an emphasis on involving community leaders to help address these issues. Who this helps: This supports patients experiencing holy anorexia and their healthcare providers.

Plain English
This research studied how to improve the early detection and treatment of sepsis, a serious infection, in emergency medical services across Canada. From over 500 surveys and interviews with paramedics, nurses, and doctors, the study found that while most healthcare workers support sepsis guidelines (88% of doctors, 93% of paramedics, and 89% of nurses), there are significant gaps in understanding these guidelines and their effectiveness. Important issues such as limited resources and the need for better communication were identified, which can help enhance sepsis care in emergency departments. Who this helps: This benefits patients who are at risk of sepsis and the healthcare professionals caring for them.

Plain English
This study looked at how different computer methods for creating images affect the scoring of calcium in coronary arteries, which helps assess heart disease risk. Researchers examined 120 scans and found that the deep-learning method (DLIR-H) had the highest agreement between different readers, with a score agreement of 94.2%, compared to 90.0% for the iterative method (ASIR-V) and 86.7% for the traditional method (FBP). This improvement in reliability means that doctors can make better and more consistent assessments of heart disease risk using the DLIR-H method. Who this helps: Patients at risk for heart disease and their doctors.

Plain English
Researchers studied how the Higgs boson behaves when it decays into pairs of charm quarks and is produced alongside top quarks. They found that the rate of this occurrence is slightly lower than what the standard model predicts, with numbers showing an observed event rate of 0.91, and the charm-quark interactions better constrained at less than 3.5 times the standard model expectation. This matters because it helps scientists understand the fundamental properties of particles and how they interact, which is key for advancing physics knowledge. Who this helps: This research benefits physicists and researchers working on particle physics and the standard model.

Plain English
This study focused on analyzing three specific types of particles called B mesons: B^{*+}, B^{*0}, and B_{s}^{*0}. Researchers found the mass differences between these excited mesons and their normal counterparts to be very precise: 45.277 MeV for B^{*+}, 45.471 MeV for B^{*0}, and 49.407 MeV for B_{s}^{*0}. These findings are notable because they enhance the accuracy of our understanding of these particles by a factor of ten compared to earlier measurements. Who this helps: This helps physicists studying particle interactions and the fundamental forces in nature.

Plain English
This systematic review pooled outcomes from 325 patients with both autism and drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent surgery. Surgical removal of brain tissue led to seizure freedom in 54% of patients, and brain stimulation devices reduced seizures by more than 80% in roughly one-third; patients with visible abnormalities on MRI and seizures originating in the temporal lobe did best. Most patients also showed improvement in behavior or quality of life after surgery, supporting surgical evaluation for well-selected patients with this dual diagnosis.

Plain English
The CMS particle detector at CERN observed, for the first time, a collision event in which a single top quark was produced alongside both a W and a Z boson simultaneously. The signal was confirmed with 5.8 standard deviations of statistical significance using 200 inverse femtobarns of data. This observation validates a predicted process in the Standard Model of particle physics and opens a new channel for probing fundamental interactions between quarks and force-carrying particles.

Plain English
This study looked at how machine learning can help hospitals decide which patients with ischemic strokes should be transferred for a special treatment called endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Out of 5156 patients studied, researchers narrowed it down to 93 and found that using certain computer models, like the decision tree, could lead to an 18.9% rate of unnecessary transfers, while another model (random forest) achieved a 0% rate of unnecessary transfers. This is important because it could help make sure more patients get the right care without being moved unnecessarily, improving overall treatment outcomes. Who this helps: This benefits patients with ischemic strokes and the doctors treating them.

Plain English
This research looked at the effects of giving plasma to patients who are bleeding heavily from traumatic injuries before they reach the hospital. Out of 43 studies analyzed, 73% showed that giving plasma helps lower the risk of death within 30 days after injury. This is important because it suggests that administering plasma early can significantly improve survival rates for trauma patients. Who this helps: This helps trauma patients who experience severe bleeding.

Plain English
This study looked at patients with advanced lung cancer who were treated with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation, and a drug called durvalumab. They found that about 29% of patients developed a lung inflammation called pneumonitis after starting durvalumab, which can disrupt treatment; 20% of patients had to pause their treatment due to this condition. Those who experienced pneumonitis had significantly lower survival rates and control over their cancer: only 53% had localized cancer control at 3 years compared to 75% of those without pneumonitis. Who this helps: This research helps lung cancer patients and their doctors by highlighting the risks of pneumonitis and guiding treatment planning.

Plain English
This study explored the use of bacterial proteins called Shiga toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) and an antibody against a specific receptor (Gb3) as potential treatments for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Researchers found that the cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) took in these toxins and showed a significant reduction in cell growth and movement when treated with Stx1, Stx2, or the anti-Gb3 antibody, while normal breast cells were unaffected. This is important because TNBC is a particularly aggressive type of cancer with limited treatment options, so these findings could open up new ways to fight it. Who this helps: This benefits patients with triple negative breast cancer.

Plain English
This study looked at a rare case of a 20-year-old man who developed severe heart inflammation (myocarditis) that turned out to be an early sign of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease. Investigations showed he had elevated heart markers, abnormal heart function, and laboratory tests confirmed SLE. He was treated successfully with high-dose steroids and other medications, leading to improvement in his heart condition. Who this helps: This helps patients with autoimmune diseases and doctors diagnosing similar conditions.

Plain English
This study looked at the outcomes of 56 patients who underwent a new type of surgery called lumbar total joint replacement (TJR) for back problems over a two-year period. The results showed that, after 24 months, patients reported less back pain and leg pain, along with improved ability to perform daily activities, maintaining the progress seen at 12 months. This is important because it highlights TJR as a promising option for treating severe back issues, particularly when traditional fusion surgery may not be effective. Who this helps: This benefits patients with degenerative lumbar conditions looking for effective treatment options.

Plain English
This study looked at the role of variant scientists, who analyze genetic data to help diagnose diseases and guide treatment. The research found that most respondents (87 people) were women under 40, with 75% having over four years of experience and majority feeling satisfied in their jobs. However, many felt they lacked support and recognition from professional organizations, which is important to enhance their roles in healthcare. Who this helps: This benefits variant scientists and laboratory directors looking to improve support and resources in clinical settings.

Plain English
This study focused on a rare genetic mutation causing a condition called transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR), which can lead to serious health issues like heart failure and nerve damage. Researchers found a specific mutation (c.229G>A) in an elderly man that had previously only been seen once before in someone else with the same disease. Importantly, testing showed that several family members also carried this mutation, highlighting the need for genetic testing in all ATTR patients to better understand how it affects different individuals. Who this helps: This helps patients and their families, as well as doctors diagnosing and treating ATTR.

Plain English
This study looked at how to improve the treatment of acute ischemic strokes in four Canadian provinces: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador. Researchers involved 8,594 stroke patients, and while the overall number of patients receiving urgent treatment did not change much, the time from arrival to treatment was reduced by about 10 minutes. The findings highlight the need for longer and more customized improvement programs to effectively enhance stroke care in different health systems. Who this helps: This helps stroke patients and healthcare providers involved in their treatment.

Plain English
This research focused on creating a structured way to develop clinical coaching programs for medical training. A workshop held for 124 participants effectively taught attendees about building these programs, with the majority finding the provided Coaching Program Blueprint particularly helpful. The findings show that a more organized approach to coaching can enhance professional development in medical education, which is crucial for improving training quality. Who this helps: This benefits medical educators and trainers, especially those working with residents and fellows.

Plain English
This research investigated tiny particles with very small electric charges, using data from high-energy collisions of protons at the Large Hadron Collider in Europe. They found strong evidence that these particles, with charges less than 0.24 times that of an electron and masses greater than 0.45 GeV, are unlikely to exist as previously thought. These findings are important because they help scientists better understand the fundamental building blocks of matter and the forces that govern them. Who this helps: This helps physicists and researchers studying the fundamental aspects of particle physics.

Plain English
This study looked at how often paramedics in Nova Scotia referred older adults to fall-prevention programs after they responded to calls about falls. They found that between 2014 and 2019, paramedics made only 289 referrals, and those referred had a similar number of follow-up fall-related calls (an average of about 0.31 for those referred vs. 0.30 for those not referred) in the next year. It matters because there’s a high number of falls among older adults, and improving referral rates could help reduce these incidents in the future. Who this helps: This helps older adults who are at risk of falls and their families.

Plain English
This study examined how paramedics provide palliative care in rural and urban areas of Nova Scotia. Researchers found that 72% of calls in rural areas resulted in patients being taken to the hospital, compared to 64% in urban areas. This is important because it shows that rural patients face more challenges related to home accessibility and have fewer resources available for staying at home during end-of-life care. Who this helps: This helps patients in rural areas who are receiving palliative care at home, as well as their families and healthcare providers.

Plain English
This study looked at how kidney function before getting a heart pump (LVAD) affects heart recovery and complications afterward. Out of 385 patients, only 13% recovered heart function. Although patients with lower kidney function (less than 60 mL/min) had higher rates of major bleeding, this was not conclusive. Understanding these links is important as more people with heart and kidney problems are treated, helping doctors make better decisions for their care. Who this helps: Patients with advanced heart failure and kidney issues.

Plain English
This research examined how quickly patients could return to work after undergoing a new type of back surgery called lumbar total joint replacement (TJR). The study found that all 32 working patients were able to return to work within six months of the surgery, with most (96.9%) back at work by three months. The findings suggest that patients with better pre-surgery function were able to get back to work faster, indicating that this new surgical option could help improve recovery times and overall quality of life for those with back pain. Who this helps: This benefits patients with lumbar degenerative conditions looking for effective treatment options.

Plain English
This study looked at the issue of sexual abuse in competitive sports, particularly in organizations like USA Gymnastics, and suggested a new way to tackle the problem using a Quality Improvement (QI) approach. By analyzing the underlying reasons why cases of sexual abuse aren't reported—such as cultural barriers and biases—the researchers identified key areas that need change. This matters because it can lead to better strategies to protect athletes and encourage reporting of abuse. Who this helps: This helps athletes and sports organizations aiming to create a safer environment.

Plain English
This study examined the use of regulatory T cells (Tregs) as a treatment for kidney transplant patients experiencing mild graft inflammation. Out of 15 participants, the group receiving Treg therapy showed a significant decrease in inflammation, but it was similar to the reduction found in the control group, meaning the Treg treatment didn’t provide extra benefit. The findings are important because they reveal that while Tregs are present and can be tracked in patients, their effectiveness may not be as impactful due to the nature of the inflammation resolving on its own. Who this helps: This research helps doctors and researchers understand Treg therapy's limitations in kidney transplant patients.

Plain English
This research looked for a heavy particle called the Z' boson, which may interact differently with other particles, specifically tau leptons and W bosons. Using data from particle collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, the researchers found no evidence of the Z' boson existing in mass ranges up to 2.45 TeV for tau decay and 1.60 TeV for W boson decay. This matters because it helps scientists refine their understanding of particle physics and the forces that govern how particles interact. Who this helps: This helps researchers and physicists studying fundamental particles and forces.

Plain English
This study looked at how particles behave in two types of collisions: proton-lead (pPb) and lead-lead (PbPb). Researchers found that in both collisions, high-energy particles showed similar patterns of using a measurement called elliptic anisotropy, especially when they produced a lot of charged particles. Specifically, they observed significant positive values for this measurement when the transverse momentum (energy) was above 8 GeV, indicating that these similarities suggest something fundamental about how these particles interact. Who this helps: This benefits physicists studying particle collisions and their fundamental properties.

Plain English
This study looked at how often two W particles and one Z particle are produced when protons collide at high energies at the CERN facility. They found that the production rates were about 75% of what scientists expected at 13 TeV, and 174% at 13.6 TeV, marking the first time they've been able to measure these processes separately. This research is important because it provides new insights into how these fundamental particles interact, which can enhance our understanding of the universe. Who this helps: This helps physicists and researchers studying particle physics.

Plain English
This study looked at a type of particle called charmonia, which consists of charm and anticharm quarks, to better understand how particles are produced in high-energy collisions of protons and lead. Researchers found that the ratio of two kinds of charmonia states—the excited state and the ground state—varies based on how many charged particles are present in the collision. Specifically, they observed a significant change in this ratio in certain conditions, which helps improve our understanding of particle interactions and production processes in such high-energy settings. Who this helps: This benefits researchers in particle physics and could improve methods for studying fundamental particles.

Plain English
This study investigated how gluons, which are particles that help hold protons and neutrons together, behave in heavy atomic nuclei during high-energy collisions. Researchers measured these gluons' properties in lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a very high energy level of 5.02 TeV, discovering that at lower fractions of momentum, the reactions showed greater suppression than expected. These findings matter because they enhance our understanding of how gluons interact in dense matter, which can inform theories about nuclear physics and the structure of matter itself. Who this helps: This helps physicists and researchers studying the fundamental forces of nature.

Plain English
This study looked at how certain particles, called hyperons, are polarized (or aligned) in proton-lead collisions at a very high energy of 8.16 TeV. Researchers found that the degree of polarization changed based on the number of charged particles produced in the collision; specifically, polarization decreased as more charged particles were produced but increased when looking at higher momentum particles. These findings challenge existing theories about how spin polarization works in such high-energy collisions and provide new information about the underlying physics involved. Who this helps: This helps physicists and researchers studying particle interactions and the fundamental forces of nature.

Plain English
This study examined the patterns of jet production in events where multiple particles (leptons) are produced during high-energy collisions of protons. After analyzing a large amount of data from these collisions, the researchers found that the patterns matched what is expected from existing theories, showing no significant signs of new physics or unexpected jet production. Specifically, they looked at events with one, two, and four leptons and found no unusual increases in jet counts, which is important for understanding potential new particles predicted by theories beyond the current model. Who this helps: This helps researchers and physicists in their efforts to discover new particles and understand fundamental forces.

Plain English
This particle physics search for the rare decay of a D0 meson into two muons used 64.5 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data from the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant signal was found, and the upper limit on the decay rate was set at 2.4 × 10^-9 — the tightest constraint ever placed on any flavor-changing neutral current decay in the charm quark sector. This result sets an important benchmark for testing extensions to the Standard Model of particle physics.

Plain English
This particle physics study reports the first observation of coherent phi(1020) meson photoproduction from heavy nuclei, using data from ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions at the Large Hadron Collider's CMS detector. The measured production cross section was about five times lower than a model treating the nucleus as a collection of free nucleons, consistent with nuclear shadowing effects that suppress gluon density in nuclei at low momentum fractions. The result provides a new tool for probing the internal gluonic structure of heavy nuclei at an energy scale bridging two regimes of quantum chromodynamics.