JOHN ARTHUR BUXTON, M.D.

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This study looked at how changes in the number of steps taken by older adults affect their brain health and mental functions over time. Researchers found that when people increased their daily steps, they also saw improvements in thinking skills and reductions in symptoms of depression. Specifically, for every increase in daily steps, executive functioning improved significantly by about 13%, and depression symptoms decreased by nearly 20%. This research matters because it highlights the importance of staying active to help protect cognitive health as we age. Who this helps: This helps older adults and their caregivers.

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This study investigated how different aspects of physical activity affect brain health in older adults. Researchers found that 79% of participants engaged in regular exercise, and those who did had healthier brains, showing less damage in areas associated with cognitive decline. Specifically, how often and how fast they engaged in exercise were key factors in maintaining brain health, especially in women. Who this helps: This research benefits older adults looking to reduce their risk of dementia through physical activity.

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This study looked at how well the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS) identifies when someone needs CPR instructions, especially at overdose prevention services. Researchers found that the system was about 67% accurate at overdose locations, but only 30% of positive identifications were correct. In contrast, it had an accuracy rate of about 84% when responding to drug overdoses compared to other emergencies, but produced fewer correct alerts overall. Who this helps: This research benefits emergency responders and individuals dealing with substance use emergencies.

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This study looked at ways to help women with breast cancer stick to their medication by testing four different support methods: text messages, an information leaflet, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and a self-management website. They found that while all support methods were delivered successfully, issues like a system error limited the number of text messages sent to some participants. Overall, between 63% and 71% of the women engaged with the support they received, and the ACT method showed the most positive feedback. Who this helps: This research benefits women diagnosed with breast cancer who are undergoing treatment.

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This study looked at how scoliosis, a curvature of the spine, affects the trachea (windpipe) in children who need tracheostomy tubes to breathe. Researchers reviewed the medical records of 59 kids with scoliosis and found that most (75%) were dependent on ventilators. They identified two groups based on the severity of spine curvature and concluded that even severe curvatures (30 degrees or more) did not significantly change outcomes related to tracheal irritation or tube fitting. Who this helps: This research benefits pediatric patients with scoliosis and their families.

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This study explored why certain brain areas are more affected by Alzheimer's disease than others, focusing on two regions: the locus coeruleus (LC), which is vulnerable, and the substantia nigra (SN), which is more resilient. Researchers found key differences in how these regions handle cholesterol and respond to different signals, indicating that the LC is more likely to be harmed by toxic substances associated with Alzheimer's. Understanding these differences could lead to new treatments that protect the vulnerable LC from damage. Who this helps: This helps patients with Alzheimer's disease and researchers seeking better therapies.

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The study interviewed 19 women recently released from jail in Vancouver who are living with HIV, along with 6 service providers, to understand their experiences after leaving correctional facilities. The women faced significant challenges, including a high risk of violence, difficulty finding safe housing, and interruptions in their HIV treatment. These issues highlight the urgent need for better planning before release, focusing on secure housing, addiction services, and support that addresses trauma and cultural safety. Who this helps: This benefits recently incarcerated women with HIV and the services that support them.

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This study looked at an outreach program for people with opioid use disorder (OUD) who visited the emergency department (ED) and weren't receiving treatment. The program helped increase the number of patients using opioid agonist therapy (OAT) from 0% at the start to between 38% and 56% over a year. It also improved engagement in addiction care and housing stability, showing that ongoing support after an ED visit is effective in helping these patients improve their lives. Who this helps: This helps patients with opioid use disorder by providing them with treatment and resources for recovery.

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This study looked at how people who use drugs in British Columbia feel about the recent decriminalization of certain illegal substances and what they believe should be done to address the overdose crisis. Researchers interviewed 38 participants and found that many think decriminalization won't significantly reduce overdose deaths; instead, they highlighted the need for regulation of the drug supply as a more effective solution. This is important because, as overdose deaths are rising, understanding these perspectives can guide smarter drug policies that could save lives. Who this helps: This helps patients who use drugs, as well as policymakers working to improve drug-related health outcomes.

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This study looked at whether people who use drugs in Rhode Island are willing to use overdose prevention centers (OPCs) based on their status with probation or parole. Of the 482 participants, 71% expressed a willingness to use an OPC, regardless of their legal status. Notably, those who used crack cocaine or had experienced a non-fatal overdose were even more willing to use these centers. This finding is important because it shows a strong interest in using OPCs among people who have been involved with the criminal legal system, highlighting the need to ensure they have access to these resources without facing legal repercussions. Who this helps: This helps patients who use drugs and are navigating the criminal justice system.

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This study examined how children with infectious encephalopathy (a severe brain infection) are treated in four hospitals in Africa. Researchers found that out of 72 children studied, 13% died and many experienced a decline in cognitive function from 95% showing good scores before hospitalization to 77% at discharge. This highlights the urgent need for improved diagnostic strategies and treatment protocols in low-resource settings to reduce the high rates of illness and death associated with these infections. Who this helps: This research benefits patients suffering from infectious encephalopathy, as well as doctors seeking to improve care standards in similar settings.

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This study looked at whether financial support from the Canadian government during the pandemic was linked to an increase in drug overdoses in British Columbia. Researchers found that while support payments were distributed, overdoses and drug-related deaths were high, but there was no meaningful connection between the two; the overdose rates remained constant before, during, and after the payment period. This is important because it shows that the rise in overdoses during the pandemic was likely due to other ongoing problems, not just the financial assistance people received. Who this helps: This helps policymakers and health officials understand the complexities behind drug overdoses and improve support for affected communities.

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This study looked at how six new medical schools in the UK are putting policies in place to attract a more diverse group of students. Researchers found that while many of these schools share similar goals, the way they implement these policies varies greatly due to external pressures and their specific contexts. For instance, some schools felt limited by the existing rules of their host universities, which affected their ability to fully focus on diversity in admissions. Who this helps: This benefits medical schools and policymakers aiming to enhance diversity in medical education.

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This study focused on understanding how acceptable different support methods are for women with breast cancer who need to stay on their prescribed hormone therapy, which can significantly lower their risk of death. Researchers tested four different support tools—text messages, an information leaflet, acceptance and commitment therapy, and a side-effect website—on 52 women. Overall, the participants found these tools quite acceptable, with most rating them positively and saying they required minimal effort to use; for example, 65% liked the text message support. Who this helps: This benefits women with breast cancer who need assistance in sticking to their medication plans.

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This study looked at how different types of exercises affect muscle activity, comparing quadrupedal movement training (QMT) with traditional bodyweight exercises like push-ups and squats. The results showed that QMT exercises led to higher muscle activation in certain areas: for example, the biceps activated at 47.72% of their maximum effort during QMT compared to 23.31% during push-ups. This is important because it suggests that QMT can effectively engage multiple muscle groups and may provide a beneficial workout alternative. Who this helps: This benefits fitness enthusiasts and trainers looking for effective exercise options.

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This study looked at how methadone doses affect the use of illicit opioids in people who also use cannabis. Researchers found that participants on lower doses of methadone (less than 90 mg per day) were 86% more likely to use illicit opioids daily when they weren't using cannabis, but that risk dropped to 30% when they used cannabis daily. These findings suggest that cannabis might help reduce some negative effects of low methadone doses, pointing towards potential new treatment options. Who this helps: This helps patients with opioid use disorder who are undergoing methadone treatment.

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This study looked at how the dose of methadone and the use of cannabis affect people staying in methadone treatment for opioid addiction. Researchers found that people on lower doses of methadone (less than 90 mg per day) were more likely to drop out of treatment, and that this effect was not changed by using cannabis frequently. The findings are important because they highlight that just using cannabis doesn’t help people stay in methadone treatment, especially for those facing issues like homelessness or incarceration. Who this helps: This helps patients in opioid treatment programs and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how recent incarceration affects women living with HIV and their ability to stick to antiretroviral therapy (ART) after being released. The research showed that experiences like homelessness, drug use issues, and gender-based violence played a significant role in how well these women followed their treatment plans. Specifically, these factors completely mediated the relationship between incarceration and ART adherence. This matters because addressing these issues is crucial for improving health outcomes for these women after they leave prison. Who this helps: This helps women living with HIV who have been incarcerated.

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This study looked at young, homeless parents in Vancouver who use drugs and how their romantic relationships influenced their decisions about pregnancy and parenting. Researchers found that the desires and choices of these young people often conflicted with the views of healthcare and social services, which made it harder for them to succeed as parents. Specifically, these conflicting perspectives contributed to ongoing cycles of struggle, with young Indigenous parents experiencing this even more intensely. Who this helps: This research benefits young parents, especially those facing poverty and homelessness.

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This study looked at ways to help women with breast cancer stick to their hormone therapy, which is crucial for their health, as not following the treatment can lead to more cancer or even death. Researchers created four different support tools to address common issues that make it hard for patients to take their medication, including text reminders, informational leaflets, therapy programs, and a self-management website. They will test these tools on 80 women to see which combination works best and impacts medication adherence and quality of life. Who this helps: This helps women with breast cancer who need support to stay on their hormone therapy.

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This study looked at what affects the mental wellbeing of students who are learning from home. Researchers surveyed 584 students and found that the biggest challenges were related to how students are assessed and their personal life situations. In contrast, having good study skills, supportive people, and engaging course content helped students feel better. The findings highlight the need for universities to improve assessment methods to support student mental health better. Who this helps: This helps students, especially those with mental health challenges.

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This study looked at pain levels in people living with HIV who also use unregulated drugs in Canada. It found that over half (53%) of the participants reported experiencing moderate to severe pain in the previous six months. The research showed that pain was strongly linked to factors like using prescription opioids that weren't prescribed, having a history of overdose, managing pain on their own, seeking pain medication, and having mental health issues. Addressing pain effectively for these individuals could greatly improve their quality of life. Who this helps: This helps patients living with HIV and using unregulated drugs.

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This study looked at how patients with opioid use disorder felt about receiving a take-home pack of buprenorphine and naloxone from the emergency department (ED) as treatment. Out of 89 patients surveyed, 78.7% believed such packs should be given out in EDs, but only 42.7% actually accepted the treatment. This matters because it shows that while many patients think this treatment could be helpful, not everyone feels ready to accept it, indicating the need for additional support and options alongside this intervention. Who this helps: This helps patients with opioid use disorder and healthcare providers looking for effective treatment options.

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This study looked at four different ways to help women with early-stage breast cancer stick to their medication: text messages, an information leaflet, a guided self-help program, and a website for managing side effects. The researchers are testing whether these methods can be effectively used and are acceptable to patients, with plans to learn from this small pilot trial before conducting a larger study. This is important because improving medication adherence can lead to better health outcomes for these women. Who this helps: This helps women with early-stage breast cancer.

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This study looked at two types of needle biopsies—fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core-needle biopsy (CNB)—to see which is better at finding cancer in lymph nodes for patients with suspected or known breast cancer. They found that CNB was much more effective, correctly identifying cancer in 95.5% of cases, compared to just 67.2% for FNA. While CNB caused slightly more pain, the difference was minor, so the researchers conclude that CNB is the better choice for accurate cancer detection. Who this helps: This helps breast cancer patients by providing more reliable test results.

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This study looked at the levels of fentanyl in illegal opioids in Canada, using data from a community drug-checking project from November 2017 to December 2019. Researchers found that the amount of fentanyl in these drugs varied significantly, with monthly averages ranging from 4.5% to 10.4%, but the overall fluctuation in fentanyl concentration decreased over time. This information is crucial because understanding these trends can help develop better safety measures and support for people at risk of overdose. Who this helps: This helps patients using opioids and those working in harm reduction and addiction treatment.

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This study looked at how current opioid agonist therapy (OAT) affects people who use drugs and their chances of starting treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV). It found that nearly half (47%) of those receiving OAT began treatment for HCV, compared to only 22% of those not on OAT. This matters because better access to HCV treatment can lead to improved health outcomes for those affected, highlighting the need for closer collaboration between addiction care and HCV treatment services. Who this helps: Patients dealing with opioid addiction and hepatitis C.

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Researchers studied overdose deaths in British Columbia, which had already been high before the COVID-19 pandemic. Between March and December 2020, overdose deaths soared to 1,516, more than double the 744 deaths during the same time in 2019. The profile of those dying from overdoses shifted, with older adults and males being particularly affected, highlighting that public health efforts need to support these vulnerable groups who are facing even greater risks during the pandemic. Who this helps: This research helps patients struggling with addiction and healthcare providers working to prevent overdose deaths.

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This study looked at how many people who use unregulated drugs in Vancouver were aware of new prescribing guidelines aimed at reducing risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Out of 633 participants, only 47.7% had heard of these guidelines, and of those, 66% had never attempted to access the services offered. This finding highlights a significant gap in awareness that could help prevent overdose deaths and COVID-19 infections, particularly among marginalized groups. Who this helps: This information helps patients who use unregulated drugs and healthcare providers working with them.

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This study looked at how patients who were unconscious and not breathing from opioid overdoses were treated at a supervised consumption site in Vancouver from 2012 to 2017. Out of 767 patients, all were successfully revived using oxygen and naloxone, with no one needing chest compressions and 100% leaving the site alive and mentally alert. This highlights the effectiveness of using basic support techniques in managing severe opioid overdoses, which is crucial for saving lives in emergency situations. Who this helps: Patients experiencing opioid overdoses and the healthcare providers treating them.

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This study focused on improving how well women with breast cancer stick to their prescribed adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET), which helps lower the chances of cancer coming back. Despite its importance, up to 75% of these women do not take AET as directed. The researchers developed an intervention package with four parts: text reminders to encourage medication habits, an informational leaflet to address misconceptions, online therapy to help with psychological stress, and a website for managing side effects. This work matters because it offers a structured way to create effective support for medication adherence that could ultimately improve outcomes for women with breast cancer. Who this helps: This helps women with breast cancer who need support in taking their prescribed medications.

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This study looked at how different doses of naloxone, a medication used to treat opioid overdoses, affect patients experiencing withdrawal symptoms and how quickly they recover from overdose effects. Researchers found that patients treated with high doses of naloxone were eight times more likely to experience withdrawal symptoms and over twice as likely to show signs of overdose reversal compared to those who received low doses. These findings help improve treatment strategies during opioid overdoses, especially in the context of the fentanyl crisis. Who this helps: This helps patients experiencing opioid overdoses and the healthcare providers treating them.

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This study looked at how well a new technology, called remote sensing, can help us understand how quickly peatlands recover from droughts. Researchers found that they could use data from satellites to estimate moisture levels in the soil, finding a strong correlation of 0.77 between satellite readings and actual measurements. They discovered that certain areas in the UK, like Dartmoor and the Peak District, are less resilient to drought, especially where there has been significant drainage, indicating these regions might struggle more with future climate changes. Who this helps: This helps conservationists and land managers targeting restoration efforts in vulnerable peatland areas.

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This study looked at the link between infections from hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and HIV and the risk of developing colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers in over 658,000 people in Canada. The results showed that individuals with hepatitis C had nearly three times higher risk for colorectal cancer and similar increased risks for liver and pancreatic cancers, while those with HIV also showed a heightened risk. This matters because it emphasizes the importance of regular cancer screenings and prevention strategies for people living with these viral infections. Who this helps: This helps patients with hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and HIV, as well as their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at people who smoke drugs in two cities in British Columbia: Abbotsford and Vancouver. Researchers found that people in Abbotsford were more likely to engage in risky behaviors, like sharing crack pipes, while those in Vancouver used harm-reducing practices, such as being trained to use naloxone to counteract overdoses. This matters because it shows that the differences in drug use practices are likely due to the availability of support programs, highlighting the need for better resources in areas like Abbotsford. Who this helps: This helps patients who use drugs and community health workers aiming to improve safety and health outcomes.

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This study examined how the amount of physical activity before lung cancer surgery affects recovery outcomes afterward. Researchers found that patients who were more active (taking more steps) had fewer complications after surgery—specifically, only 8 complications among highly active patients compared to 22 for those who were less active. This is important because knowing that being active before surgery can lead to better recovery helps doctors and patients make informed decisions about pre-surgery preparations. Who this helps: Patients undergoing lung cancer surgery.

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This study looked at crystal meth use among individuals in British Columbia who access harm reduction services. Researchers found that 59.7% of participants reported using crystal meth in 2018, which increased to 71.7% in 2019, making it the most commonly used substance reported. The study also revealed that those who used opioids, cannabis, alcohol, were homeless, or unemployed were more likely to use crystal meth. These findings are crucial for improving harm reduction services to better meet the needs of those affected by crystal meth. Who this helps: This research benefits patients who use harm reduction services and the healthcare providers supporting them.

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This study looked at how depression affects pain and daily activities in people who use drugs and have ongoing pain. Researchers found that those with moderate to severe depression experienced more trouble with daily tasks because of pain (average increase of 1.24 on a scale), but their overall pain levels didn’t significantly rise. This is important because it highlights the need for better mental health support for people facing both addiction and pain, as these issues can worsen each other. Who this helps: Patients struggling with pain and substance use disorders.

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This study examined how women with hepatitis C in British Columbia accessed care and treatment in 2019. It found that while 37% of people with hepatitis C were women, they received similar rates of care as men, yet many untreated women faced additional challenges like mental health issues and drug use. Specifically, 30% of untreated women were born after 1975 and 42% had a mental health diagnosis, highlighting the need for tailored support for these groups. Who this helps: This helps women with hepatitis C, particularly those facing mental health or substance use issues.

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This research studied the effects of community-driven tree planting by the International Small Group and Tree Planting Program (TIST) in Kenya, focusing on its impact on nearby landscapes over nearly two decades. The study found that TIST’s trees covered about 27,198 hectares and positively influenced an additional 27,750 hectares of surrounding farmland, with benefits extending up to 360 meters away. This is important because it shows that community efforts can effectively restore and improve local ecosystems, helping combat climate change. Who this helps: This helps local farmers and community members who benefit from healthier landscapes and improved agricultural conditions.

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This study looked at why people who use illegal drugs also choose to use cannabis, focusing on 897 participants in Vancouver. Researchers found four main reasons for cannabis use: recreational enjoyment (32%), therapeutic use for issues like stress and insomnia (38%), pain relief (22%), and a range of therapeutic uses including pain management (9%). The results highlighted differences in health and social conditions among these groups, revealing that those using cannabis for recreational purposes had better overall health despite facing more life challenges. Who this helps: This helps patients and healthcare providers understand the diverse needs and motivations behind cannabis use in marginalized communities.

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This study looked at how support from friends affects harm reduction activities among people who smoke drugs in British Columbia. It found that those who received practical help were more likely to assist others during overdoses and to carry and be trained in naloxone, with a 46% increase in the likelihood of helping others and a 24% increase in women carrying naloxone. This is important because stronger peer support can improve responses to drug-related emergencies, potentially saving lives. Who this helps: This helps people who smoke drugs and the friends and family supporting them.

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This study looked at the experiences of people who use drugs and work in harm reduction programs in British Columbia, Canada. Researchers found that these workers face unstable and insecure jobs, with low pay and few benefits, making their work situation precarious. While some appreciate the flexible nature of this work, the overall lack of support and fear of losing their jobs means the benefits of harm reduction efforts could be compromised. Who this helps: This is important for people who use drugs and the organizations that support them.

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This study looked at the experiences of paramedics responding to overdose incidents in Vancouver's downtown eastside, where opioid use has significantly increased. The researchers interviewed ten paramedics and found five key themes, including their efforts to connect with patients, the challenges they face on the scene, and the emotional toll of dealing with overdoses. Although these paramedics felt confident in their medical skills, they acknowledged their limited ability to address the root causes of drug use, which highlights the need for more support and understanding in this crisis. Who this helps: This information benefits paramedics and healthcare providers by improving their understanding of the challenges faced during overdose responses.

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This study looked at drug-related deaths in British Columbia, Canada, focusing on people with and without hepatitis C between 2010 and 2018. It found that drug-related deaths made up 20.1% of total deaths among people with hepatitis C, compared to just 4.7% for those without it, showing a significant increase in drug-related mortality in both groups. Notably, the rate of drug-related deaths among those with hepatitis C almost doubled from 241.7 to 436.5 per 100,000 people during the study period, mainly due to dangerous drugs like fentanyl. Who this helps: This research benefits patients, healthcare providers, and public health officials working to reduce drug-related deaths and improve care for people with hepatitis C.

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This study looked at how cannabis and illicit opioid use interact among people who use drugs and experience chronic pain. Researchers analyzed data from over 1,150 participants, finding that those who used cannabis daily had about half the odds (50%) of using illicit opioids daily compared to those who did not use cannabis. This is important because it suggests that cannabis could be a helpful alternative for managing pain and reducing reliance on harmful opioids. Who this helps: Patients struggling with chronic pain who use drugs.