DR. KENNETH JAMES MAY JR., M.D.

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This study focused on how well risk assessment tools predict reoffending among men with low intellectual ability who have a history of sexual offenses. Researchers looked at data from 15 different groups, totaling 923 men, and found that while the overall predictive accuracy of these tools was moderate, one specific tool designed for individuals with low intellectual abilities (called ARMIDILO-S) was the most effective. The study highlights the importance of using staff observations over official records when evaluating reoffending, as staff reports showed stronger results. Who this helps: This research helps mental health professionals and criminal justice authorities better support men with low intellectual abilities at risk of reoffending.

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This study developed a new method called TrAEL-seq to analyze how DNA replicates in mammalian cells without using drugs. The researchers showed that this technique can handle up to six samples at once and still deliver high-quality results, allowing them to see detailed replication patterns, particularly during critical processes like the start of cancer cell aging. They found that while DNA replication slows down in areas with active genes, it overall speeds up in regions that are further along in the replication process. Who this helps: This helps researchers working on cancer and genetics by providing better tools to understand DNA replication.

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This study looked at how the health of pregnant cows affects the likelihood of diseases like diarrhea and pneumonia in their calves. Researchers found that calves born to cows with health issues like mastitis had up to 3.61% higher rates of these diseases. However, the overall milk production of the calves was not significantly impacted by their mothers' health status. Who this helps: This research benefits cattle farmers and breeders by informing them about the importance of maternal health in raising healthier calves.

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This study looked at how a hormone called leptin, which is higher in people with obesity, affects inflammation in the lungs of individuals with asthma. Researchers found that in 37 of 82 asthma patients who were obese, higher levels of leptin led to an increase in substances called eotaxins that attract certain immune cells (eosinophils) to the airways. This matters because it highlights a specific link between obesity and asthma that could help improve treatments for these patients. Who this helps: This helps patients with obesity-related asthma.

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This study looked at how nurse practitioners (NPs) and physicians work together in long-term care homes to provide better care for patients. It found that coordination and communication were the most important aspects of their collaboration, with 25 articles highlighting the need for organized care and decision-making, and 23 articles emphasizing the importance of clear communication. Understanding these elements is crucial because improving teamwork between NPs and physicians can lead to better patient care in these settings. Who this helps: This benefits patients in long-term care homes.

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This study looked at liver and rumen fluke infections in dairy cows to find new ways to breed for better resistance, as traditional treatments are becoming less effective. Researchers examined data from over 1,600 cows and found that liver fluke infections have a heritability rate of about 9%, while rumen fluke infections have a heritability rate of 34%. They identified specific genetic traits that could help breed cows more resilient to these infections, which is crucial for improving cattle health and farm productivity. Who this helps: This helps farmers and dairy producers improve the health of their cattle.

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This study looked at the performance of a specific type of contact lens, called TOTAL30 for Astigmatism, on people aged 18 to 40 who use digital devices for at least eight hours a day. After one month of using these lenses, most participants were satisfied, with 81.3% reporting they liked how the lenses performed and 87.3% feeling less eye strain. The findings show that these lenses provide a comfortable option for users who spend a lot of time in front of screens, even though comfort may slightly decrease as the day goes on. Who this helps: This helps digital device users, particularly younger adults with astigmatism.

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This study examined the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, in German dairy cattle to understand its genetic diversity and how it relates to the size of the flukes. Researchers analyzed 774 liver flukes from multiple cows and found a high level of genetic variation, with 119 different genetic types identified, as well as a significant difference in fluke size linked to these genetic groups. This is important because high genetic diversity could impact fluke behavior and resistance to treatments, affecting dairy farming economics. Who this helps: This benefits dairy farmers and veterinarians managing liver fluke infections in cattle.

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This study looked at the genetic variations in specific genes related to vitamin D metabolism and immune response in Holstein dairy cows, focusing on their links to liver and rumen fluke infections as well as somatic cell count (SCC), an indicator of udder health. Researchers found 442 genetic variants, with 109 connected to fluke infections and SCC, indicating that certain gene variations can influence susceptibility to these infections. Understanding these genetic factors is important because they may help improve cow health management and reduce infections in dairy herds. Who this helps: This helps dairy farmers and veterinarians manage cow health more effectively.

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This research focused on understanding how certain proteins in cells prevent genetic exchanges from happening at the ends of chromosomes during a specific type of cell division called meiosis. The study discovered that two proteins, Dot1 and the Sir complex, play important roles in keeping these genetic exchanges, or recombination, from occurring near chromosome ends. Specifically, they found that the Red1 and Hop1 proteins, which promote recombination, were significantly less present within 20,000 DNA building blocks of the chromosome ends, which helps ensure genetic stability during reproduction. Who this helps: This benefits patients with reproductive issues or genetic disorders by improving our understanding of how chromosomes behave during meiosis.

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This study looked at small airway dysfunction (SAD) in adults exposed to tobacco smoke, even if they showed normal lung function on standard tests. Researchers found that 39% of participants had SAD, with 60% of those having airflow problems and 26% with preserved airflow also showing signs of SAD. Those with SAD experienced lower quality of life, more serious changes in their airways, and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease compared to those with normal lung function, which highlights the importance of recognizing and treating SAD in these patients. Who this helps: Patients exposed to tobacco smoke, particularly those with respiratory issues and cardiovascular disease.

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This study looked at the challenges faced by rugby players with visual impairments when they take concussion tests, specifically the SCAT5. The researchers found that these players encountered several obstacles during the assessment, leading to the recommendation that the read-aloud part of the test be eliminated for them. Adapting the assessment tools, like using the SCAT6 and adjusting the visual tracking section, is important to better support these athletes and ensure accurate evaluations. Who this helps: This helps visually impaired athletes and the doctors who assess them.

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This study looked at two treatments, adalimumab and secukinumab, for a type of eye inflammation called uveitis that affects children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Experts believe that adalimumab is more likely to work better than secukinumab, with an expected response rate of 67% for adalimumab compared to 55% for secukinumab. Finding effective treatments is crucial because uveitis can lead to permanent vision loss in children. Who this helps: Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and uveitis.

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This study looked at how healthcare professionals in emergency departments and intensive care units understand and apply laws regarding end-of-life decisions. Researchers found that 35 healthcare workers expressed challenges in communication about death, the emotional burdens of shared decision-making, and uncertainty about legal responsibilities, highlighting that 13 doctors, 19 nurses, and 3 social workers faced difficulties in these areas. These insights are important because they show the need for better support and clearer guidelines to help healthcare professionals navigate complex end-of-life discussions and legal requirements effectively. Who this helps: This helps healthcare professionals, particularly in emergency and intensive care settings.

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This study looked at how different factors, like the age and lactation stage of dairy cows, as well as infections from multiple parasites, affect the likelihood and amount of parasite eggs and spores they excrete. Researchers examined the feces of over 1,100 cows and found that strongyle eggs were present in nearly half of the cows, while other parasites like Fasciola hepatica were found in about 10% of cows. Understanding which cows are more likely to get these infections helps farmers manage and reduce parasite-related losses in dairy farming. Who this helps: This helps dairy farmers and veterinarians in managing the health of their herds.

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This research examined the presence of harmful chemicals known as PFAS in sea foam and seawater along the coast of North Carolina. The study found extremely high levels of PFAS in sea foam, with one sample showing a concentration of about 8 million parts per trillion. These findings are important because they highlight how sea foam can accumulate dangerous levels of these contaminants, which can pose risks to human health and the environment. Who this helps: This helps coastal communities and environmental health researchers.

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This study looked at how nurse practitioners (NPs) and physicians can work better together in long-term care homes to improve the care of residents who have complex medical needs. Researchers gathered information from literature reviews and interviews, leading to five key recommendations to improve collaboration: set clear expectations, improve communication practices, promote a safe work culture, maintain good relationships, and provide educational support. These changes are important because they can help keep NPs and physicians in these roles, which ultimately benefits the residents who rely on their care. Who this helps: This helps patients living in long-term care homes.

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This study looked at how families benefit from receiving both WIC (which helps mothers and young children with nutrition) and SNAP (food assistance program) at the same time. Parents reported that larger benefits made it easier for them to access food regularly, with 25 families saying that having less red tape helped them stay enrolled in both programs. This matters because it shows that combining these programs can significantly improve food security for families in need. Who this helps: Parents and families struggling with food insecurity.

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This study compared two methods for deciding who should get screened for lung cancer using low-dose CT scans in Germany. Researchers found that using the PLCOm2012 risk model led to a higher detection rate of lung cancers—2.59% of participants compared to 2.17% when using the NELSON criteria. This matters because it means that the PLCOm2012 model is more efficient, as fewer people need to be screened to find a case of lung cancer. Who this helps: This helps patients who are at risk for lung cancer by ensuring more effective screening.

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This study looked at the importance of proper nutrition for young patients with congenital heart disease and heart failure, especially during and after surgery. Researchers found that proper feeding can significantly improve health outcomes, as complications from not getting enough nutrition can lead to higher rates of illness and death. Specifically, discussions about the best feeding practices and timing are still needed in the medical field to better support these patients. Who this helps: This helps children with congenital heart disease and their doctors.

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This study looked at older people in Queensland, Australia, who died within 48 hours after arriving at the emergency department. Researchers found that out of 295 older patients, most arrived by ambulance and many had urgent medical needs; 75% were in the highest urgency categories. They also noted that a significant number had health care directives in place, and common causes of death included pneumonia and cardiac arrest. This matters because it highlights the importance of recognizing patients at the end of life and improving care strategies across different healthcare settings. Who this helps: This helps patients and healthcare providers by improving end-of-life care planning and communication.

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This study looked at how home visits from nurse practitioners (NPs) and physicians affected the experiences of patients in their final three months of life. It found that over half of patients didn't receive any home visits, but those who did—especially those with both an NP and a physician visit—were less likely to end up in the hospital or emergency room and more likely to get pain management medication and die at home. These findings highlight the importance of in-home support for improving comfort and meeting the wishes of dying patients. Who this helps: This helps patients and their families seeking better end-of-life care options.

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This study looked at how end-of-life decisions are made in emergency departments and intensive care units in Queensland. Out of 85 patients who died, almost all were admitted unexpectedly, and only one had an advance health directive, despite most having a designated decision-maker. The findings show that medical staff heavily relied on their judgment and aimed for agreement among families rather than strictly following legal guidelines. Who this helps: This helps patients and their families during critical health decisions.

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This study looked at liver and rumen fluke infections in dairy cows across different farms in Germany. Researchers analyzed 1,638 fecal samples and found that the average prevalence of liver flukes was 15.8% in northern Germany and 41.6% in southern Germany, with rumen flukes found in about 46% to 48% of the cows in all regions. The study also identified a new method for accurately distinguishing between different rumen fluke species, finding that the majority were Calicophoron daubneyi. Who this helps: This research benefits farmers and veterinarians by improving detection and management of fluke infections in cattle.

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This study looked at how registered nurses experience providing end-of-life care for older patients in emergency departments. Researchers interviewed seven nurses, finding that they face difficulties in presenting dying patients as individuals and managing conversations about death in a fast-paced environment. The study highlights the need for better training and support for nurses in handling these sensitive situations, which can improve care for patients facing their final moments. Who this helps: This helps nurses and healthcare teams working in emergency departments.

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This study looked at how healthcare workers in emergency departments and intensive care units in Queensland, Australia understand and view the laws around end-of-life decisions. Out of 126 professionals surveyed, most felt the law was important but believed that agreement between doctors and families was more important than following the law itself. While doctors generally knew more about the law than nurses, everyone had significant gaps in understanding important legal documents like advance health directives. This matters because better knowledge of the law can lead to more effective and respectful end-of-life care for patients. Who this helps: This helps patients and their families facing end-of-life decisions.

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This study examined how to effectively manage pain for patients undergoing heart and chest surgeries. Researchers found that using a combination of regional anesthesia techniques, like thoracic epidurals and specific nerve blocks, along with multiple pain relief medications, improved patient outcomes. It was noted that tailored approaches can significantly reduce reliance on opioids and the risk of long-term pain, highlighting the importance of personalized care. Who this helps: This approach benefits patients undergoing thoracic surgery by providing better pain management options.

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Researchers focused on developing new drugs that target a specific type of cancer cells known as microsatellite-unstable (MSI) cancer cells, which need a protein called WRN helicase to survive. They created potent drugs that selectively attack these cells, leading to significant cancer cell death while sparing normal cells. The study showed that these new drugs were effective in lab models and could work even in tumors resistant to standard treatments, highlighting their potential for improving MSI cancer therapies. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with MSI cancers by offering new treatment options that could be more effective.

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This study looked at older people who died within 48 hours of arriving at emergency departments in Australia and New Zealand. Out of over 10,000 deaths, the study found a mortality rate of 6.43 deaths per 1,000 emergency visits, with more than a quarter dying in the emergency department itself. Understanding these patterns helps improve end-of-life care planning for older patients, suggesting that better triage systems and advanced care planning are needed. Who this helps: This research benefits older patients and their families, as well as healthcare providers working in emergency settings.

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This study looked at how different types of bras can help larger-breasted women who suffer from back pain. Researchers tested 24 women and found that most (87.5%) who wore a professionally fitted bra felt better, compared to those wearing their usual bra. The specially designed bra not only helped relieve pain but also improved movement and body posture more than the standard options did. Who this helps: This helps larger-breasted women dealing with chronic back pain.

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This study looked at how reliably we can measure trunk strength (the muscles in your back and abdomen) using a special device called a digital dynamometer. Researchers tested 18 people and found that their strength measurements remained consistent across different positions and sessions, with a reliability score (ICC) over 0.95, meaning the results were very stable. This is important because it means that using this device can give accurate and repeatable results for trunk strength, which can help in sports training and rehabilitation. Who this helps: This benefits patients and doctors involved in physical rehabilitation and athletic training.

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This study looked at PFAS (harmful chemicals) in drinking water from homes in the Cape Fear River Basin area of North Carolina. Researchers found that PFOA and PFOS levels in some water samples reached 39.8 ng/L and 205.3 ng/L, which are well above the EPA's safe limit of 4 ng/L. These findings are important because they highlight serious contamination issues that can affect public health, allowing residents to take steps to reduce their PFAS exposure. Who this helps: This helps local residents and community health advocates.

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This research looked at how frequent changes in living situations (placement instability) affect the emotions and behaviors of children in foster care. The review found that children who experienced more placement instability were more likely to show problems like aggression and symptoms of PTSD, although the exact impact varies from study to study. Understanding this connection is crucial because it can help improve the support and care provided to these vulnerable children. Who this helps: This helps foster care children and the professionals working with them.

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This study looked at how nurse practitioners (NPs) and physicians work together in long-term care homes and what affects their care models. Researchers reviewed 60 studies and found that key influences on these care models included policies, clear role descriptions, and staff workload. While they provided detailed insights into the structures of these models, they noted a lack of information on how NPs and physicians work together, highlighting that better understanding these relationships could improve patient care. Who this helps: This helps patients and healthcare providers in long-term care settings.

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This study looked at the effects of single versus multiple helminth (worm) infections on the milk production of dairy cows in Germany. Researchers analyzed data from 1,583 cows across 27 herds and found that whether cows had one worm infection or multiple infections did not significantly affect their milk yield or quality. For example, both types of infections appeared to lead to similar levels of milk production, suggesting that multiple infections may not harm milk output as previously thought. Who this helps: This information benefits dairy farmers and veterinarians by clarifying infection management in cows.

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Researchers compared two artificial intelligence (AI) software tools that help detect, measure, and categorize lung nodules in lung cancer screening. They analyzed 946 CT scans and found that while the volume measurements from both tools were highly similar (more than 95% agreement), one tool reported larger nodule sizes than the other, leading to different classifications in 38% of cases. This matters because inconsistent assessments can change how patients are managed in lung cancer screening programs, potentially affecting treatment decisions. Who this helps: This helps patients undergoing lung cancer screening by ensuring more accurate nodule assessment.

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This study looked at how comfortable a specific type of contact lens (lehfilcon A; TOTAL30 for Astigmatism) is when worn all day, from morning until midnight, for a whole month. Researchers found that while comfort levels did decrease slightly over the course of the day, 98.2% of participants reported their lenses were comfortable right after putting them on, and 91.5% were still comfortable even after wearing them for 16 hours. This is important because it shows that people with astigmatism can wear these contacts all day with minimal discomfort. Who this helps: Patients with astigmatism who wear contact lenses.

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This paper looks at how heat stress affects the immune system of dairy cattle and the genes involved in their ability to handle high temperatures. The research highlights that heat stress can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of diseases, potentially impacting profitability. Identifying specific immune markers connected to heat stress is important for detecting when cattle are suffering from heat stress. Who this helps: This benefits dairy farmers and veterinarians working to keep cattle healthy and productive in hot weather.

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This study looked at how brain structure relates to understanding social cues in people with autism compared to those without autism. Researchers found significant differences in brain volumes between the two groups, particularly in areas related to social skills. For instance, the autistic participants showed less typical brain development with age and unique brain structure connections that affected their ability to understand emotions in others. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with autism and their caregivers by improving understanding of their social communication challenges.

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This study looked at how moving fluids can help deliver cancer-fighting drugs more effectively to ovarian cancer cells. Researchers found that when they applied fluid flow, the delivery of a specific cancer drug was doubled compared to when the cells were stationary. This improvement also led to more effective treatment results. Who this helps: This helps patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

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This study looked at how educational programs can help increase confidence in COVID-19 vaccines among adults, particularly focusing on healthcare and long-term care workers. Researchers reviewed 32 studies and found that 75% of these programs were group presentations, and many included personalized conversations to counter misinformation. This matters because stronger vaccine confidence can lead to higher vaccination rates, which is crucial for public health during a pandemic. Who this helps: Patients and healthcare workers.

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This study looked at DNA from 302 German Black Pied cattle that couldn't be matched to known animal DNA. Researchers found signs of possible infections, specifically sequences indicating the presence of Bovine parvovirus 3 and Mycoplasma bacteria. This is important because it reveals that even DNA fragments that seem useless can provide valuable information about infections that affect cattle. Who this helps: Veterinarians and cattle farmers.

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This study looked at how dairy cow behavior affects farm profitability and animal welfare, especially in modern farming settings where technology reduces human-cow interactions. The researchers found that understanding the genetics behind cow behavior, such as how they interact with automatic milking systems, can help improve milk production and animal care. They also pointed out that certain biological markers, like heart rate and hormones, could offer insights into cow behavior, which is essential for better herd management. Who this helps: This benefits dairy farmers, veterinarians, and animal welfare advocates.