DR. KIRK J. LEWIS, MD

Plain English
This study looked at how patients recover after a kidney surgery called partial nephrectomy, especially focusing on those who experienced prolonged periods without blood flow, known as ischemia. Researchers analyzed data from 568 patients and found that recovery of kidney function after surgery was significantly better for those who had cold ischemia (96% recovery) compared to those with warm ischemia (85% recovery), with recovery dropping by about 9% for each additional 10 minutes of warm ischemia. This research highlights the importance of minimizing warm ischemia during surgery to help preserve kidney function in patients, especially those with pre-existing kidney issues. Who this helps: This helps patients undergoing kidney surgery and their doctors by providing insights into the best surgical practices for preserving kidney function.

Plain English
The researchers focused on creating a new type of lab-grown liver model called fetal liver-like organoids (FLOs) from human stem cells, which can support both liver cells and immune cells. They found that these organoids produce multiple cell types, including immune cells that can respond to liver injuries, and they can develop naturally without needing extra factors. This is important because it provides a realistic way to study liver development, related diseases, and test potential treatments in the lab. Who this helps: Patients with liver diseases and their doctors looking for better treatment options.

Plain English
This study looked at the patterns of kidney tumors in patients with bilateral renal masses (BRMs) to see how often these tumors had similar characteristics and the value of genetic testing for these patients. The researchers found that most patients (78% for clear cell tumors, 70% for papillary tumors, and 74% for oncocytic tumors) had similar types of tumors on both kidneys, but only 21% were referred for genetic counseling, and only 13% underwent genetic testing. Of those tested, only 4 patients had harmful genetic changes related to their tumors, indicating that while genetic counseling is recommended, it might not be necessary for everyone with BRMs, especially if they don’t have other risk factors. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with bilateral renal masses and their doctors by guiding decisions on whether genetic testing is necessary.

Plain English
This study looked at how a gene therapy called ELP1 can help restore vision in mice that model familial dysautonomia, a condition that often leads to severe vision problems. The researchers found that when they delivered this gene therapy using a specific vector, it significantly improved the health and function of the retina, leading to better visual responses. Specifically, the treated mice showed improved visual acuity and retinal structure compared to untreated mice, suggesting that gene supplementation can effectively help vision in conditions like this. Who this helps: This benefits patients with familial dysautonomia who experience vision loss.

Plain English
This study focused on teaching respiratory therapists how to use point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) through a one-day course at a national conference in Canada. Over three years, 117 participants attended, and they reported feeling much more confident in using the ultrasound for both lung assessments and guiding procedures. Everyone who took the course enjoyed it and found the material appropriate for their level. Who this helps: This benefits respiratory therapists who gain essential skills to improve patient care.

Plain English
This study looked at how Physical Examination Teaching Associates (PETAs) help train health care students in physical exams and communication skills. Researchers reviewed 34 studies and found that PETAs mainly worked with small groups of second-year medical students, focusing on the musculoskeletal exam. PETAs have shown positive outcomes in teaching for over 45 years, highlighting the need for clear communication about their role and consistent program implementation. Who this helps: This benefits health care students and educators by improving the training process.

Plain English
This study examined a natural antibiotic called evybactin, which has shown promise in fighting tuberculosis, especially in light of increasing bacterial resistance to current treatments. The researchers created 21 new versions of evybactin to understand how different changes to its structure affect its ability to combat TB, discovering important details about which parts of the molecule are crucial for its effectiveness. This is significant because it could lead to the development of more effective antibiotics at a time when we urgently need new treatment options. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with tuberculosis and healthcare providers seeking more effective treatments.

Plain English
This study investigated why certain bacteria, specifically those found in cystic fibrosis patients, can survive antibiotic treatment when they are in a dormant state known as stationary phase. Researchers discovered that these bacteria remain active and continue to produce proteins, which makes them more susceptible to antibiotics. However, when grown in certain conditions that increase energy demands, a subpopulation of low-energy, dormant cells appear, making it harder to eliminate the infection. This research is important because it helps explain why chronic infections are difficult to treat and can lead to better treatment strategies for patients. Who this helps: Patients with cystic fibrosis and other chronic bacterial infections.

Plain English
This study focused on the best practices for training Physical Examination Teaching Associates (PETAs), who teach healthcare students how to conduct physical exams respectfully and accurately. Researchers worked with 13 experts from four countries to create specific guidelines, known as Standards of Best Practice, to ensure PETAs can effectively share their experiences and techniques during training. These guidelines aim to improve the quality of physical examination education, helping learners perform better in real-life healthcare settings. Who this helps: This benefits healthcare students and educators involved in training future medical professionals.

Plain English
This study examined how advanced breast cancer patients in Europe and the U.S. were treated after their initial therapy. It found that out of 767 patients, 31.6% received chemotherapy, 17.7% got hormone therapy alone, 21.5% continued with a combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and hormone therapy, and 26.3% were treated with targeted therapies. The differences in treatment across regions show the need for better guidelines, especially since options are limited for patients without specific genetic markers. Who this helps: This helps advanced breast cancer patients by highlighting the variability in treatment options available to them.

Plain English
This study looked at the educational progress of children with major congenital anomalies (birth defects) in England during their primary school years. Out of over 2.3 million children, about 78,847 (3.5%) had these issues, and by age 11, only 88.7% of them took important assessments, compared to 97.2% of their peers. It found that children with these anomalies were less likely to be ready for school and achieve expected scores in English and Math, with around 11-12% fewer reaching the expected levels than their classmates. Who this helps: This benefits children with congenital anomalies, their families, and educators who support their learning.

Plain English
The research studied the challenges and advantages related to physical activity, exercise, and nutrition for people with Phenylketonuria (PKU). It found that 80% of participants reported barriers such as fatigue and concerns about exercise affecting their blood phenylalanine levels, even though many recognized exercise could boost their mental health and overall happiness. The study highlights a gap in understanding between individuals with PKU and healthcare professionals, indicating a need for better education and tailored support to help people with PKU stay active and healthy. Who this helps: This helps patients with PKU and their caregivers.

Plain English
This study looked at how well critical care ultrasonography (CCUS) works for adults with cardiogenic shock compared to standard medical care. The findings showed that CCUS might help patients recover from unstable blood flow slightly faster in the first 72 hours, but it did not affect overall survival rates or how long patients stayed in the hospital or required other treatments. This is significant because it highlights that while CCUS can be beneficial for early stabilization, it does not impact long-term outcomes for these patients. Who this helps: This helps doctors and healthcare providers manage treatment for patients experiencing cardiogenic shock.

Plain English
This study looked at how well schools in England support children with special educational needs or disabilities (SEND) from birth to age 11. It analyzed data from 3.8 million children and found that about 30% received SEND support by age 11. Although this support helped reduce some school absences, it did not show any clear benefit for health outcomes or academic performance. This matters because it highlights the need for improved evidence on how SEND support works and calls for better policies and resources to help children who need them. Who this helps: This benefits children with special educational needs, their families, and educators.

Plain English
This study looked at whether a specific technique used during minimally invasive hysterectomy to remove fibroids prevents cells from the uterus from spreading into the abdomen. Researchers found that myometrial cells (which can be a concern if they spread) were present in only 8% of the patients, mostly before the actual morcellation began. This matters because it suggests that using containment systems during the procedure is effective in minimizing the risk of cell spillage, and that most of this risk happens before the removal process. Who this helps: Patients undergoing minimally invasive hysterectomy for fibroids.

Plain English
This study focused on how to effectively gather and analyze public health evidence to guide decision-makers in areas like gambling harm, mental health, and housing insecurity. The review program between 2019 and 2025 produced findings from 11 topics, ensuring public and practitioner involvement shaped the research, which helped improve public health policies. By creating various types of reviews, the project aimed to provide timely, useful information for future research and policy changes. Who this helps: This benefits public health officials, policy-makers, and the communities they serve.

Plain English
This study looked at the effectiveness of combining two facial surgeries—rhinoplasty and lip lift—on patients seeking facial feminization. It involved 40 patients who received either the combined surgery or only rhinoplasty. The results showed that those who had the combined procedure experienced a significant decrease in the length of their philtrum (the groove above the lip) by about 4.7 mm and had a greater improvement in the nasolabial angle (which relates to the smile) by about 6.6 degrees, compared to those who only had rhinoplasty. Who this helps: This benefits patients undergoing facial feminization surgery who want more pronounced facial features.

Plain English
This study looked at how having HIV affects recovery after surgery to fix jaw fractures. Out of nearly 22,000 patients, 369 had HIV, and those who were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) experienced significantly more problems after surgery; for instance, they were nearly ten times more likely to visit the emergency room within 90 days post-surgery. These findings are important because they highlight the need for careful planning and special attention for surgical patients with HIV to reduce complications. Who this helps: This helps patients with HIV and their doctors by providing insights for better surgical management.

Plain English
This study looked at how people on an American Indian reservation use different substances, including methamphetamines and opioids. Among 192 participants, 48% had low drug use, 41% only used methamphetamines, and 11% used both methamphetamines and opioids. The group using both drugs was more likely to have overdosed and seek help, highlighting the need for more accessible harm reduction services like needle exchanges and public health vending machines in these communities. Who this helps: This helps patients struggling with substance use, particularly those in Indigenous communities.

Plain English
This study looked at a diabetes prevention program led by pharmacists for hospitality workers in New Orleans. It involved screening for diabetes risk, providing short lifestyle education, and offering tools and referrals to affordable healthcare services. The program is important because it aims to lower diabetes risk among workers who may lack access to preventive health resources. Who this helps: This benefits hospitality workers at risk of developing diabetes.

Plain English
This study looked at how well a new quick test for hepatitis C was accepted and implemented in the Cherokee Nation, where the rates of this disease are high among American Indian and Alaska Native people. Out of 400 participants, 348 people (86%) took the test, and 26 of those tested positive for the virus. Importantly, 9 people (35%) with the virus began treatment immediately, which helps improve their health and reduces the risk of spreading the disease. Who this helps: This benefits patients, particularly those in underserved communities with high rates of hepatitis C.

Plain English
This study looked at a minimally invasive surgery technique for removing a large cervical fibroid from a woman who was experiencing pelvic pain. The patient, a 51-year-old, had an 11cm fibroid, and the surgery was successfully completed using a combination of laparoscopic and vaginal methods, which made her recovery easier and without complications. This approach could potentially be a preferred option over traditional surgeries, as it may reduce the time needed to heal and the risk of complications. Who this helps: This benefits women with large cervical fibroids and the doctors treating them.

Plain English
This study looked at what motivates LGBTQ+ individuals in New Jersey and New York to get an HIV vaccine, which is being developed but not yet available. Researchers interviewed 29 adults and found that while many were willing to get vaccinated, concerns about stigma, costs, and distrust in the healthcare system could prevent them from doing so. To improve vaccine uptake, the study recommends better marketing, using trusted community figures, and training healthcare providers to better understand LGBTQ+ needs. Who this helps: This helps LGBTQ+ individuals and healthcare providers working with them.

Plain English
This study focused on familial dysautonomia (FD), a condition that causes serious vision problems over time due to nerve cell damage in the eye. Researchers found that adding the ELP1 gene to a specific mouse model of FD improved their vision by repairing damaged eye cells, showing a significant recovery in both the structure and function of their retinas. This is important because it demonstrates a potential new treatment approach for the vision loss associated with FD, where currently, no effective treatments exist. Who this helps: This helps patients with familial dysautonomia who suffer from vision loss.

Plain English
This study looked at how well children and adolescents with psychological issues stick to ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies, which collect real-time data about their behaviors and moods. Researchers reviewed 130 studies involving 14,400 young participants and found that most enrolled in the studies (82% for those with disorders), but about 12% dropped out during the EMA process. This matters because understanding how to keep youth engaged can improve the quality of research on psychological conditions, ultimately leading to better treatments. Who this helps: This helps researchers develop more effective ways to study mental health in young people.

Plain English
This study looked at how the drug dexmedetomidine affects COVID-19 patients who need help breathing with noninvasive ventilation (NIV). It found that 36.8% of the 290 patients received dexmedetomidine, and those who did had higher rates of needing to be put on a ventilator, higher death rates in the ICU and hospital, and fewer days free from needing intensive care compared to those who didn’t receive the drug. However, there were no significant differences in the quality of life of both groups 180 days later, indicating that the negative effects of dexmedetomidine on patient outcomes could not be fully explained by other health conditions. Who this helps: This helps doctors and healthcare providers understand the risks associated with using dexmedetomidine in COVID-19 patients needing respiratory support.

Plain English
This study looked at how having multiple long-term health conditions (like heart or lung issues) affects recovery one year after being hospitalized for COVID-19. It found that people with these conditions were 34% less likely to feel fully recovered a year later, especially if their issues affected their respiratory or other body systems. Understanding these patterns can help improve care for those recovering from COVID-19. **Who this helps:** This helps patients with long-term health conditions and their healthcare providers.

Plain English
This study developed a 3D-printed model of a giant aneurysm that can rupture predictably within two hours, which helps researchers test new medical devices for treating aneurysms. The model was used to compare different treatments: the flow diverter-only treatment ruptured in about 47 minutes, while the most effective treatment with liquid embolic ruptured in about 61 minutes. Understanding how these treatments work can lead to safer and more effective options for patients with aneurysms. Who this helps: This helps patients with aneurysms and doctors treating them.

Plain English
This study looked at how certain pre-surgery factors, particularly from CT scans, could predict negative outcomes and the chance of staying cancer-free for patients with kidney tumors. Out of 748 patients reviewed, 45% were found to have adverse pathology, which is linked to a lower chance of remaining free of cancer. The study found that factors like tumor size, irregular shape, and the amount of normal kidney tissue replaced by the tumor were important in making these predictions, with the models showing an accuracy between 81% and 86% in predicting outcomes over several years. Who this helps: This helps patients with kidney tumors and their doctors by providing clearer expectations and potentially avoiding unnecessary biopsies.

Plain English
Researchers studied a program that connected university students with older adults over the phone to help reduce feelings of loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Out of 220 participating older adults, those who completed at least four calls reported feeling less lonely, with 58% saying they felt this way after the program. With many older adults still interested in joining after the pandemic, this program shows promise as a way to address social isolation in this group. Who this helps: This benefits older adults who are at risk for loneliness and social isolation.

Plain English
This study used artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze how unhealthy foods are marketed to children, specifically looking at breakfast cereals. Researchers found that 39.2% of the cereals studied used child-targeted marketing techniques, and 89.5% of those were considered unhealthy. This research is important because it helps develop better policies to protect kids from exposure to unhealthy food advertising, which is linked to obesity and other health issues. Who this helps: This helps parents, policymakers, and public health officials focused on improving children's health.

Plain English
This research looked at how doctors use sedation for patients in intensive care who struggle with a breathing treatment called noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Out of 140 doctors surveyed across four countries, 38% often give sedatives to patients who have trouble tolerating NIV, while 44% rarely or never use sedatives. Understanding these differing practices is important for improving care, as it highlights the need for more research on the benefits and risks of sedation in these situations. Who this helps: This helps patients receiving intensive care and their doctors.

Plain English
This study looked at how ready and able small island developing states are to create health registries that track chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension. Researchers gathered responses from 37 health managers and found that 40% prioritized diabetes and 16% prioritized hypertension for these registries. The study highlighted that while there is interest in improving patient care (65% of respondents), there are major obstacles like lack of funding and staffing that could hinder the success of these registries. Who this helps: This helps health managers, patients with chronic diseases, and public health planners in small island developing states.

Plain English
This paper looks at how using sedation can help patients who struggle with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV), a method for supporting breathing without putting a tube down the throat. The research highlights that there are many types of sedatives available, but there isn’t enough information to choose the best one for patients, leading to no clear guidelines for doctors. This is important because if patients can’t tolerate NIV, they might need more invasive and riskier treatments, which is something doctors want to avoid. Who this helps: This helps patients who have difficulty breathing and may require NIV.

Plain English
Researchers discovered a new antibiotic called 4'-thiothymidine (4'sT), derived from a type of worm that lives in partnership with certain bacteria. This antibiotic showed strong effectiveness against specific bacteria and works by getting incorporated into their DNA, which stops the bacteria from replicating. The study found that some resistant bacteria became more susceptible to this antibiotic when their ability to process another substance, thymidine, was blocked, which indicates that the effectiveness of 4'sT depends on how bacteria handle thymidine. Who this helps: This research benefits doctors and scientists looking for new treatment options against drug-resistant infections.

Plain English
This study looked at how effective a cream called 5% imiquimod is for treating melanoma that has positive margins—meaning not all of the cancer was removed during surgery. Out of 64 patients treated, 84% responded well to the treatment after an average follow-up of three years, with only 8.7% experiencing a recurrence of the cancer. This matters because it offers a less invasive, cost-effective option for patients who might otherwise need more surgery. Who this helps: This helps patients with melanoma and their doctors by providing a safer treatment option.

Plain English
This study looked at a crucial process that helps proteins fold and insert into the outer membrane of mitochondria, specifically focusing on a part of this process called the SAM complex. Researchers found that a compound called darobactin A can tightly bind to the SAM complex and prevent it from working properly, stopping the formation of these important proteins. The researchers discovered that darobactin A locks the SAM complex in a stable state, hindering the production of mitochondrial proteins that are vital for cell function. Who this helps: This benefits researchers and scientists working on mitochondrial diseases and treatments.

Plain English
This study looked at how a specific system in a type of drug-resistant bacteria, known as ST258, makes it more harmful. Researchers found that a protein called CfmP helps the bacteria stick to host cells better, which leads to more severe infections. This is important because understanding how these bacteria operate can help in developing better treatments and controlling their spread. Who this helps: This aids doctors and healthcare providers in treating infections from drug-resistant bacteria.

Plain English
This study looked at how caregivers use a digital app designed to help manage asthma in children aged 5-11. Researchers found that caregivers, particularly those of White children with uncontrolled asthma, were much more likely to use the app if they had a college degree—about 8.5 times more likely. This matters because higher app engagement was linked to fewer school absences, which suggests that the app could help improve children’s health and education outcomes. Who this helps: Caregivers of children with asthma and healthcare providers.

Plain English
This study looked at a program in the Cherokee Nation that screened people for hepatitis C, HIV, and syphilis to help those who often don't get healthcare. Out of 503 people screened, 102 tested positive for hepatitis C, with 16 diagnosed and 12 starting treatment; 60 had reactive tests for syphilis, with 17 diagnosed and 16 starting treatment. The findings highlight the need for better access to healthcare for underserved communities, as many people in the program have conditions that are much more common in American Indian and Alaska Native populations. Who this helps: This helps American Indian and Alaska Native communities by providing crucial health screenings and linking them to necessary treatment.

Plain English
This study looked at how effective a special support program was for people leaving prison, focusing on helping them secure stable housing. Researchers found that most participants and caseworkers had positive feedback about the program, but there were difficulties due to a lack of available housing, especially for single men. Understanding these challenges is crucial for improving support services and trial designs for future studies involving former prisoners. Who this helps: This helps former prisoners and organizations working to support their reintegration into society.

Plain English
This study looked at a program designed to help men leaving prison who are at risk of becoming homeless in England and Wales. Researchers found that while 92% of those approached agreed to participate, only 18% stayed in the study long enough to provide follow-up information. These findings highlight the difficulties in keeping participants engaged in trials under such unstable circumstances, suggesting that significant changes would be needed to make similar studies work in the future. Who this helps: This helps men transitioning from prison to avoid homelessness.

Plain English
This study examined the accuracy of comments made by radiographers in New Zealand who help identify problems in medical images. Out of 844 evaluations, 21 (2.5%) were incorrect in saying something was normal when it was not (false negatives), and 27 (3.2%) incorrectly identified normal features as problems (false positives). The findings highlight the need for better training and tools for radiographers to improve accuracy, which can lead to better patient care in emergency situations. Who this helps: This helps patients in emergency departments by ensuring they receive more accurate diagnoses.

Plain English
This study looked at how donations were used to improve diabetes care by addressing factors that affect patients' health, like their living situation and access to food. Researchers found that patients who received support saw their blood sugar levels, measured by HbA1c, drop by an average of 1.25 points after a couple of months. This is important because better control of blood sugar can lead to fewer diabetes complications, especially for those facing challenges like housing or nutrition. Who this helps: This helps patients with diabetes, especially those from low-income backgrounds.

Plain English
This study looked at how well primary care doctors (like general practitioners) and secondary care services (such as adult hearing aid providers) communicate when referring patients. Researchers interviewed 29 staff members and found that issues like limited time, fatigue, uncertainty about information sent, and lack of feedback were major obstacles to effective communication. Addressing these problems could lead to better patient care and less wasted effort in the healthcare system. Who this helps: This research benefits patients who need hearing aids and the doctors who refer them.