DR. KORE K. LIOW, MD

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This study looked at how many Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) individuals took part in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials in Hawai'i over five years. Out of 244 total participants, only 15% identified as NHPI, showing that they were underrepresented compared to white (44%) and Asian (34%) participants. The findings indicate that NHPI communities, particularly on the west side of O'ahu, need better recruitment strategies to ensure they are included in important health research, which can lead to more equitable outcomes in Alzheimer’s disease treatment. Who this helps: This helps patients, especially those from the NHPI community.

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This study looked at 297 patients with post-concussion syndrome to see how their use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and antidepressants before and after their injury affected their risk of depression. It found that 31% of these patients were at risk for depression after their concussion, with past tobacco and marijuana use linked to higher depression levels. Importantly, those who had taken antidepressants before their injury and then stopped after were particularly vulnerable, especially if they also used marijuana. Who this helps: This research benefits patients recovering from head injuries and healthcare professionals involved in their treatment.

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This study looked at how fibromyalgia affects Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander patients compared to other ethnic groups, focusing on their body weight, pain levels, and other health issues. Researchers found that Pacific Islanders and Native Hawaiians had the highest average body mass index (BMI), which was linked to more severe pain, higher rates of diabetes and hypertension, and less exercise. Understanding these links is crucial because it shows that addressing weight and overall health could greatly improve care for these patients. Who this helps: This helps Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander patients and healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how different races and socioeconomic status affect survival rates for Alzheimer's disease patients in Hawaii, using data from nearly 9,400 individuals. It found that Asian Americans are diagnosed with Alzheimer's later, at an average age of 85.9, compared to 82.7 for white patients and 83.3 for Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders. Low socioeconomic status is linked to a higher risk of dying from the disease, with the risk being particularly high for those in this group, including a 51% increased risk for white patients with low SES. Who this helps: This research benefits Alzheimer's patients and their families, as well as healthcare providers seeking to understand survival patterns better.

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This study looked at how well vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) could help manage seizures in children and young adults with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), a type of difficult-to-treat epilepsy. After 24 months, 66.7% of participants saw at least a 50% reduction in focal seizures, and 47.4% saw similar reductions in generalized seizures. Some patients even experienced over an 80% drop in their seizure frequency. This finding is important because it shows that VNS can be an effective treatment option for patients who have not responded to multiple medications. Who this helps: This helps patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and their families.

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This study looked at how race, ethnicity, and economic status affect the relationship between Alzheimer’s disease-related dementia (ADRD) and heart and blood vessel diseases (CVD) in older adults living in Hawaii. The researchers found that older adults with lower income and education levels are more likely to experience severe dementia and heart problems, and these risks vary significantly among different racial groups, including Native Hawaiians, Asian Americans, and whites. Understanding these differences is crucial because it can help target resources and support for those at greater risk. Who this helps: This benefits older adults, healthcare providers, and policymakers focused on improving health outcomes in diverse populations.

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This study examined how COVID-19 affects neurological health across different countries and income levels, focusing on over 3,900 patients between January 2020 and February 2025. It found that most patients were from high-income countries, with common neurological issues including neurocognitive disorders, fatigue, and headaches. Additionally, areas with lower income had higher rates of severe COVID-19 cases and less access to vaccines and treatments, highlighting significant health disparities. Who this helps: This research helps doctors and policymakers address neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients, especially in low-income regions.

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This study looked at how effective diazepam nasal spray is for treating clusters of seizures in epilepsy patients, no matter what time of day it is. Researchers found that seizures tended to happen more often in the morning and late evening, but using a second dose of the spray wasn't necessarily linked to any specific times. This is important because it shows that the nasal spray works well any time, making it a flexible option for patients dealing with sudden seizure clusters. Who this helps: This benefits patients with epilepsy and their caregivers seeking effective emergency treatment.

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This study looked at how Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects the risk of heart and blood vessel problems (like heart failure and strokes) in elderly patients, particularly focusing on different racial and ethnic groups in Hawaii. Researchers found that people with AD are more likely to develop serious heart issues such as acute myocardial infarction (heart attack), heart failure, and ischemic heart disease. Notably, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander patients with lower socioeconomic status faced higher risks of heart failure and ischemic heart disease compared to white patients, but those with higher status had lower risks. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with Alzheimer's disease and healthcare providers by highlighting the need for targeted health strategies among different racial and ethnic groups.

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This study looked at a new way to quickly stop seizures in people with epilepsy using a device that delivers a medication called Staccato alprazolam. In a group of 116 patients, 65.8% of those receiving either 1.0 mg or 2.0 mg of the medication stopped having seizures within two minutes, compared to just 42.5% of those who got a placebo. This is important because it offers a potential new treatment option for patients who have predictable seizure patterns and may struggle to manage their condition effectively. Who this helps: This helps patients with epilepsy experiencing predictable seizure episodes.

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Researchers studied a new drug called buntanetap to see if it is safe and effective for treating early Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD). The study involved 68 patients—14 with AD and 54 with PD—and found that the drug was safe to use at doses up to 80 mg daily. It showed promising results, including trends that might lower harmful proteins and improve cognitive tests, suggesting that it could benefit patients with both conditions. Who this helps: This helps patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

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This research looks at how many people experience difficulty exercising after having COVID-19, known as exercise intolerance, and what causes it. About 19% of those who have had COVID continue to struggle with exercise for weeks or even months due to reasons involving heart health, muscle weakness, and overall fatigue. Understanding this issue is crucial as it highlights the need for ongoing support and treatment options for those affected to help them regain their physical abilities. Who this helps: This helps patients recovering from COVID-19 who are experiencing lasting fatigue and exercise limitations.

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This study looked at how heart and stroke diseases are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in different racial and ethnic groups in Hawaii. Researchers used nine years of Medicare data and found that Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs) with low socioeconomic status had a higher risk of developing AD due to heart conditions, while those with higher socioeconomic status showed lower risks compared to other groups. This is important because it highlights the need for targeted healthcare strategies to address these disparities and improve health outcomes for vulnerable populations. Who this helps: Patients, especially those from racial/ethnic minority groups with low socioeconomic status.

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This study looked at brain wave patterns, specifically using EEG tests, in people who might develop Alzheimer's disease before they show clear signs. Researchers found that about 49% of the 43 participants showed unusual slowing in brain activity, with those carrying a specific gene (ApoE4) more likely to have this abnormality—61.5% of them did compared to 43.3% who did not have the gene. These findings are important because they suggest that EEG could help identify people at risk of developing Alzheimer's, especially those with the ApoE4 allele. Who this helps: This helps patients at risk for Alzheimer's and their doctors in early diagnosis and monitoring.

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Researchers surveyed 352 caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients in Hawaii to understand their knowledge and feelings about the medication aducanumab. They found that only 37% of caregivers were familiar with the drug, and among those, just 33% believed it was safe, with 56% worried about side effects. This lack of awareness and hesitance is important because it shows the need for better education about Alzheimer's treatments, enabling caregivers to make informed choices about care. Who this helps: This helps patients and their caregivers.

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This study looked at how safe and effective it is to use a second dose of Valtoco® (a nasal spray with diazepam) to treat seizure clusters outside of hospital settings, within 24 hours of the first dose. Out of 175 patients, 163 used the spray, and nearly half (79 patients) ended up needing a second dose, which was used only for about 12.6% of all seizure clusters. The results showed that the safety profile was good, with only 15.2% of patients experiencing mild side effects after taking a second dose, indicating that the nasal spray can be effective for managing seizures over a full day. Who this helps: This benefits patients with epilepsy who experience seizure clusters.

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This study examined how the COVID-19 pandemic affected migraine patients at Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience during early 2020. It found that 47% of migraine patients reported worsening anxiety and 48.5% noted increased sleep problems, compared to 33.3% and 31.2% of patients with other neurological conditions. Additionally, 32.4% of migraine patients lost their jobs due to the pandemic, which is significantly higher than 14.5% among their peers. Who this helps: This benefits migraine patients and healthcare providers by highlighting the need for tailored support and treatment options.

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This study looked at how safe and effective diazepam nasal spray (Valtoco) is for treating frequent seizures in patients with epilepsy, whether or not they're also taking other benzodiazepines. Out of 158 patients, about 75% were using benzodiazepines alongside the spray; results showed that both groups needed a second dose for seizures about the same amount of time: 11.1% for those on chronic benzodiazepines and 10.3% for those not on any. The study found that 80% of those on chronic benzodiazepines experienced side effects, but none were serious, indicating that diazepam nasal spray is safe and effective for these patients. Who this helps: Patients with epilepsy using benzodiazepines.

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This study looked at how patients with epilepsy respond to diazepam nasal spray (Valtoco) when using it as a rescue therapy for seizure clusters over a long period. Researchers found that among the 175 patients treated, more than 73% used the spray for at least 12 months, and 72.8% of them needed fewer second doses after long-term use, showing no signs of reduced effectiveness over time. This matters because it suggests that patients can safely use diazepam nasal spray without worrying about it becoming less effective with continued use. Who this helps: This helps patients with epilepsy who rely on rescue treatments for seizure clusters.

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This study looked at the safety and effectiveness of Valtoco (diazepam nasal spray) for patients aged 6 to 65 who experience seizure clusters. They found that out of 175 patients, most used the spray moderately (43.7%) or highly (50.6%), with nasal discomfort being the most common side effect but no major issues with nasal irritation. The results indicate that diazepam nasal spray is safe and effective, regardless of how often it is used, which means that it can help patients manage their seizures more reliably. Who this helps: This helps patients with epilepsy and their doctors.

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Researchers studied the safety of diazepam nasal spray (Valtoco) for treating seizure clusters in patients with epilepsy, ages 6 to 65, over a 12-month period. Out of 163 participants, 117 completed the study, and 81.6% used the nasal spray for over a year without serious side effects; most reported mild issues like nasal discomfort (6.1%) rather than severe reactions. This is important because it shows diazepam nasal spray is a safe option for patients who frequently experience seizure clusters, potentially improving their quality of life. Who this helps: This helps patients with epilepsy and their caregivers.

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This study looked at the safety and effectiveness of a drug called natalizumab in helping adults with epilepsy that doesn’t respond to standard treatments. Of the 66 participants, those who took natalizumab had an average reduction in seizures of 14.4% compared to those on a placebo, but this wasn’t enough to show strong improvement; only about 31% of the natalizumab group saw a significant drop in seizures. While the drug didn’t work as hoped, it was found to be safe, which opens the door for more research into this type of treatment for epilepsy. Who this helps: This helps patients with drug-resistant epilepsy looking for new treatment options.

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This study looked at the factors that might contribute to a condition called idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), which affects brain fluid and can lead to serious health issues. Researchers analyzed data from nearly 26,000 patients and found that those diagnosed with iNPH were typically older (median age 83), more likely to be White, and had a higher household income. Notably, patients with iNPH were also more likely to have a history of alcohol use and psychiatric disorders, but common heart-related health issues didn't seem to be involved. Who this helps: This research benefits patients and healthcare providers by improving understanding of the risk factors associated with iNPH.

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This study looked at the way epilepsy is defined and how research on it is conducted across different countries. It found that consistent definitions and methods are crucial for understanding the full impact of epilepsy, which affects about 65 million people worldwide. By standardizing approaches, researchers can improve prevention, treatment, and education related to epilepsy, making it easier to deliver effective care globally. Who this helps: This helps patients with epilepsy and the healthcare systems that support them.

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Researchers studied the brain activity of 210 adults taking bupropion, a medication that can potentially cause seizures. They found that nearly 20% (39 out of 197) of these patients had abnormal brain wave patterns, like sharp waves and focal slowing, without showing any symptoms. Women were more likely than men to have these abnormal patterns, increasing their risk for seizures. Who this helps: This information is important for patients taking bupropion, especially women, as it highlights the need for monitoring brain activity while on this medication.

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This study looked at whether applying chilled saline solution to the brain can help reduce abnormal electrical activities associated with epilepsy in patients during surgery. Researchers found that using chilled saline cut the number of these abnormal spikes from about 11.5 spikes to 4.9 spikes per minute, showing a significant decrease. This is important because it suggests that cooling the brain during surgery may help prevent seizures from happening when doctors are operating. Who this helps: This helps patients undergoing brain surgery for epilepsy.

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This study looked at how patients in the Midwest feel about switching from brand-name antiepileptic drugs to generic versions. The findings showed that 28% of patients who switched reported having seizures they blamed on the switch, and 34% experienced side effects. Additionally, 69% of patients didn’t know that pharmacies might switch their medication to generics without asking them or their doctors, but 79% were worried about that happening. Who this helps: This helps patients with epilepsy who rely on antiepileptic medications.

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This study looked at how people with epilepsy in the Midwest feel about exercise and what keeps them from being more active. Out of 412 surveyed patients, 47% responded, with most doing some exercise but mostly light activity for three days or fewer each week. Interestingly, those who feared exercise might trigger seizures didn’t end up exercising any less often but were more scared of having seizures while exercising, highlighting the need for doctors to better inform patients about the benefits of physical activity. Who this helps: This helps patients with epilepsy and their doctors.

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This study looked at how patients with epilepsy feel about using generic versions of their medications and how this affects their treatment. It found that open communication between doctors and patients is crucial; when patients feel heard and understand their treatment options, they are more likely to adhere to their medication plans. This matters because keeping patients stable is essential to avoid dangerous seizures, making it important for doctors to involve patients in discussions about their medication choices. Who this helps: This helps patients with epilepsy and the doctors who treat them.

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This study looked at whether hypnosis could help doctors tell the difference between epileptic seizures and nonepileptic seizures in patients being monitored for seizures. Out of 47 participants, 34% had epileptic seizures, while 51% had nonepileptic seizures. The results showed that hypnosis is more likely to trigger nonepileptic seizures than epileptic ones, but the technique isn’t very reliable for identifying seizures, as it only worked for about 46% of the cases. Who this helps: This research could benefit patients with seizure disorders by improving diagnosis and treatment options.

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This study looked at data from 2006 to compare the health behaviors and conditions of people with active epilepsy or a history of epilepsy to those without epilepsy. The findings showed that people with epilepsy were more likely to smoke and be unemployed; they also had lower education levels and experienced more physical and emotional difficulties. This matters because it highlights the challenges faced by people with epilepsy, which can help target support and resources for them. Who this helps: This helps patients with epilepsy and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how epilepsy affects the quality of life for older adults. Researchers found that seniors with epilepsy have a lower quality of life than seniors without epilepsy, but their quality of life is similar to other groups with epilepsy. This is important because it highlights the need for better tools to assess and improve life quality for elderly patients with epilepsy. Who this helps: This helps elderly patients with epilepsy and their doctors.

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This study looked at how many patients with epilepsy in the Midwest use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and their views on its effectiveness. Out of 228 patients surveyed, 39% used CAM, with 25% specifically using it to help with their epilepsy. The most popular form of CAM was prayer or spirituality, used by 46% of respondents, followed by high-dose vitamins (25%) and chiropractic care (24%). Understanding how and why patients with epilepsy use these types of treatments is important because it helps doctors provide better support and information about managing their condition. Who this helps: Patients with epilepsy and their healthcare providers.

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The study focused on understanding what Midwestern neurologists think about the challenges and motivators for epilepsy patients seeking treatment. It involved 33 neurologists who highlighted issues like misinformation and lack of knowledge among patients and the public as major barriers to treatment. They also suggested ways to improve understanding about epilepsy, which is important for ensuring patients get the care they need. Who this helps: This benefits epilepsy patients and their families.

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This study looked at what people with epilepsy think about the public's understanding of the condition and the stigma they face. Out of 165 respondents, 34% said they see a lot of misunderstandings and stigma about epilepsy, and many believe that education could help improve this situation. The findings highlight that targeted educational efforts could reduce stigma and improve awareness of epilepsy, making life easier for those affected. Who this helps: This helps patients with epilepsy and their families by improving public understanding and reducing stigma.

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This study looked at the challenges faced by African-American women with epilepsy in getting medical care and following treatment. Researchers interviewed 10 women and found that major barriers included not having enough money, a lack of understanding of epilepsy in the community, poor communication with doctors, and lacking support from friends and family. Addressing these issues is important because they contribute to ongoing health disparities and increase the stigma surrounding epilepsy in this group. Who this helps: This benefits African-American women with epilepsy, their families, and healthcare providers.

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This study looked at two groups of patients with hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) to understand how these brain lesions affect seizures differently in people with isolated HH versus those with Pallister-Hall syndrome (PHS). They found that all patients with isolated HH experienced frequent and hard-to-control seizures, while only 13 out of 40 PHS patients had seizures, which were generally better managed. This distinction is important because it helps identify patients who may need different treatments; isolated HH patients tend to have more severe symptoms and developmental issues. Who this helps: This information is beneficial for doctors treating patients with hypothalamic hamartomas and helps inform treatment decisions for patients, particularly in distinguishing those who may have Pallister-Hall syndrome.

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The study looked at children with a brain condition called hypothalamic hamartomas, which causes specific types of seizures, to understand how often they showed aggressive behavior and other mental health issues. Out of 12 children, 83% had oppositional defiant disorder, 75% had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and about 58% showed significant aggression. In contrast, their siblings without this condition showed very few psychiatric problems or signs of aggression. Who this helps: This research benefits families, doctors, and mental health professionals working with children affected by hypothalamic hamartomas.

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This study looked at how gelastic seizures and a brain growth called hypothalamic hamartoma affect thinking skills in eight children. The researchers found that all the children had some level of cognitive impairment, with the most significant challenges seen in their ability to remember information and process it quickly; for example, their scores for long-term memory were an average of 64.1 and for processing speed were an average of 67.7. Understanding these cognitive deficits is important because it can help doctors better support these children in their learning and development. Who this helps: This helps patients with gelastic seizures and hypothalamic hamartoma, as well as their families and doctors.

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This research looked at how effective different surgical treatments are for gelastic seizures, which are seizures that don't respond well to medication. The analysis found that while many case studies exist, there isn't a clear best surgical option identified. This is important because finding the right surgical approach could significantly help patients suffering from these difficult-to-treat seizures. Who this helps: This helps patients with gelastic seizures.

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This study looked at how brain MRIs can help diagnose intravascular lymphomatosis, a rare type of cancer that affects the central nervous system. The researchers found specific patterns in MRI results, such as linear and patchy enhancements, in two patients who were later confirmed to have the disease through a brain biopsy. Recognizing these patterns can lead to quicker diagnoses and treatment, which is important since many cases go undiagnosed until after death. Who this helps: Patients with intravascular lymphomatosis.

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This study looked at how often people with temporal lobe epilepsy have seizures and whether this affects the size and function of a brain area called the hippocampus. Researchers found that the frequency of certain types of seizures did not change the size or metabolism of the hippocampus in 32 patients, suggesting that even when seizures are well-controlled, brain damage might still progress. This matters because it shows that controlling seizures alone may not protect the brain from ongoing injury. Who this helps: This helps patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and their doctors.

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This study looked at how brain metabolism changes in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) before and after surgery. Researchers found that before surgery, areas of the brain connected to the seizure activity were not functioning properly. After surgery, the metabolism in certain brain areas improved, with a significant increase seen in the thalamus of patients with mesial temporal sclerosis, highlighting that some effects of seizures on the brain can be reversed. Who this helps: This benefits patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who are considering or have undergone surgery.

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This study looked at how the anti-seizure medication vigabatrin (VGB) affects blood flow and glucose metabolism in the brain of patients with difficult-to-treat seizures. It found that VGB reduced overall brain glucose metabolism by about 8% and blood flow by around 13%. This is important because understanding how different medications impact brain function can help doctors choose the best treatments for patients with epilepsy. Who this helps: This helps patients with epilepsy who have not responded to other treatments.

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This study looked at a 5-year-old boy who developed a severe brain infection caused by an enterovirus, which is a type of virus. The boy had specific brain damage in the hippocampi, as seen in MRI scans, and scientists found the virus's genetic material in his spinal fluid. This discovery is important because it highlights the need for doctors to consider enteroviruses as a possible cause of similar brain infections, especially when tests for more common viruses like herpes simplex come back negative. Who this helps: Patients with acute encephalitis and their doctors.