DR. MARK TERRY ROTHSTEIN, M.D.

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This study looked at how a signaling pathway called TGF-β affects the development of a special group of stem cells known as neural crest cells in chicken embryos. The researchers found that activating TGF-β signaling can help these cells adopt characteristics typical of facial bone development, suggesting that these signals are crucial for their ability to form parts of the skull and face. This research is important because it could lead to better methods for generating human stem cells that are needed for facial reconstruction and other medical treatments. Who this helps: This helps patients needing craniofacial surgery or stem cell therapies.

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This study looked at how impulsivity and people's reactions to alcohol relate to drinking behavior. It found that students who struggled with self-control reported stronger cravings for alcohol and were more willing to drive after drinking. For example, those who had trouble planning ahead showed increased cravings when drinking. Understanding these connections can help identify which individuals may be at a higher risk for heavy drinking. Who this helps: This helps patients, especially those struggling with alcohol use.

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This study examined a group of cells in bird embryos known as Hensen's node, which plays a crucial role in shaping the early body structure. Researchers found that Hensen's node contains two distinct types of cells: one type helps form the head, while the other type contributes to trunk development. These findings are important because they show how changes in the number and type of cells in Hensen's node influence the overall body plan during development. Who this helps: This helps researchers and doctors better understand embryonic development, which can lead to improved treatments for developmental disorders.

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This study looked at how energy from mitochondria (the cell's power plants) affects the way tissues fold during embryo development. Researchers found that the energy levels and the number of mitochondria increase in specific parts of cells just before the cells begin to contract and fold—this happened consistently in fruit flies, chickens, and mice. This is important because it shows how energy distribution in cells can influence tissue shaping, which is crucial for forming healthy organs. Who this helps: This helps researchers and doctors understand developmental processes better, which could improve treatments for tissue-related disorders.

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This study looked at how embryonic cells in vertebrates determine their position during early development, a process known as gastrulation. Researchers found that the structure of the cells' DNA, specifically the epigenome, forms organized patterns that help cells understand where they are located in the embryo. These patterns change in gradients, which are crucial for proper body formation during development. Who this helps: This research benefits developmental biologists and researchers studying embryonic development.

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This study looked at the quality of summer meals provided to children aged 9 to 13 through US Department of Agriculture programs. Researchers analyzed lunch menus from 731 meal sites and found that these meals significantly met daily nutritional needs, particularly with summer meal sites that used the Seamless Summer Option, which offered more vegetables and essential vitamins. This is important because it helps ensure that children from low-income households receive the nutrition they need even when school is out. Who this helps: This helps children from low-income families who rely on summer meal programs for nutritious food.

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This study examined how the energy production process in cells impacts gene expression during early development. Researchers found that a specific modification, called histone lactylation, occurs in the genes of certain developing tissues, like the neural crest, when cells increase their energy production through glycolysis. When they reduced this modification, it led to lower expression of important genes and poor cell movement, shedding light on how metabolism influences development. Who this helps: This helps scientists and researchers working on developmental biology and regenerative medicine.

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This study looked at how bisexual women view the drinking habits and sexual behaviors of their peers and how these views may influence their own behaviors. Researchers found that the more bisexual women thought their peers engaged in drinking and risky sexual activities, the more likely they were to do the same themselves, with 225 women surveyed showing a clear link between these perceptions and their own alcohol or drug use during sex. Understanding these patterns is crucial for creating effective prevention programs tailored to the specific needs of bisexual women, as they face higher risks compared to other groups. Who this helps: This helps bisexual women who may be at risk for alcohol and sexual health issues.

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This study looked at genetic nondiscrimination policies to better understand how to prevent unfair treatment based on genetic information. Experts from around the world agreed that strong regulations are necessary to protect people from genetic discrimination, emphasizing that these protections should be considered fundamental human rights. They found that while it's beneficial to have consistent laws globally, any regulations must also take into account local cultural differences. Who this helps: This helps patients and individuals concerned about genetic discrimination.

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This research paper examines the neural crest, a group of special cells found in embryos of vertebrates (animals with backbones) that can develop into various cell types across the body. The authors found that neural crest cells have evolved over time to form distinct groups that can turn into specific cell types, with these groups differing along the length of the body. This understanding is important because it sheds light on how vertebrates have developed and diversified in form and function over millions of years. Who this helps: This helps scientists studying evolution and developmental biology.

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The study looked at why many families don't participate in the USDA's summer meals program, which offers free meals to children in need. It found that almost half of the families living near a meal site struggle with food insecurity (45%), but 46% of those who didn't participate weren't even aware of the program. This indicates that increased awareness and outreach are crucial because many children could benefit from these meals. Who this helps: This helps families with children who are food insecure.

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This research focused on a new method for editing genes in a lesser-known type of rodent called the African striped mouse. The study introduced a technique called TIGER, which allows for efficient gene edits by injecting a virus directly into pregnant mice, achieving a success rate of knocking out or adding genes effectively. This method opens the door to studying genetic traits in a wider variety of rodent species, which can lead to better understanding of genetics and diseases. Who this helps: This benefits researchers studying genetics and disease models.

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This study looked at how starting continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) after brain death can help organ donors with kidney injury. Researchers found that among 27 organ donors receiving CRRT, they were able to keep the organs viable longer, resulting in a significant increase in the number of organs transplanted—2.9 organs per donor compared to just 1.4 in previous cases that did not use CRRT. This is important because it can lead to more successful transplants, ultimately saving more lives. Who this helps: This helps patients waiting for organ transplants.

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This study looked at how specific brain cells, called vomeronasal sensory neurons, determine certain social behaviors in mice by examining the role of a protein called AP-2ε. The researchers found that when AP-2ε was reintroduced in these neurons, it changed their identity and improved social behaviors by activating necessary genes. This is important because it helps us understand how brain cell functions relate to behavior, which could have implications for treating disorders related to the nervous system. Who this helps: This helps patients with neurodegenerative disorders and their doctors by providing insights into brain function and potential treatments.

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This study looked at how two important proteins, OCT4 and SOX2, work together with other specific proteins to help form neural crest cells, which are crucial for developing various body parts, including nerves. The researchers found that when these proteins are active, they create a unique genetic signature in the cells, but this signature gets lost when the cells commit to a certain fate. Understanding this process is important because it reveals how certain factors can change roles in different types of cells, which could impact how we manipulate stem cells for medical therapies. Who this helps: This helps researchers and medical professionals working with stem cell therapies and developmental biology.

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This study looks at a group of cells called the neural crest, which play a crucial role in developing more than 30 different cell types in vertebrates. Researchers found that the development of these cells follows a complex set of instructions that guide them through various stages before they become specialized cells, influenced by both internal factors and their environment. Understanding this process is important because it sheds light on how diverse tissues and organs form, and it can help improve knowledge about development-related disorders. Who this helps: This research benefits scientists and medical researchers studying developmental biology and related diseases.

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This study looked at how certain proteins (called TFAP2 factors) help shape the development of specific cells in early embryos, particularly the neural crest cells, which are crucial for forming parts of the nervous system and other structures. Researchers found that when two of these proteins work together, they activate different parts of DNA during key stages of development, showing that their partnership is essential for proper cell development. This is important because understanding how these proteins influence cell formation can help researchers explore evolutionary changes in development and potentially lead to new ways to address developmental disorders. Who this helps: This helps researchers and doctors working in developmental biology and genetics.

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This study looked into what happens when health practitioners in Australia share genetic information with family members of patients without the patient's consent. They found that while health practitioners know it's important for patients to share this information, many are unclear about their legal and ethical responsibilities when patients refuse to do so. In Australia, there are no clear laws about disclosing genetic information to at-risk relatives, leading to inconsistencies across different regions. Who this helps: This helps health practitioners make informed decisions about genetic information disclosure.

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This study looked at how the acidity or alkalinity (pH) of wounds affects the healing process for chronic wounds that don't heal well. It reviewed seven research articles and found that pH levels play a significant role in improving healing rates. Developing a consistent treatment method that focuses on managing pH could enhance healing for these difficult wounds. Who this helps: This benefits patients with chronic wounds and the healthcare providers treating them.

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This study looked at how to responsibly share findings from epigenetic research with participants, especially as these studies grow in size and complexity. The team outlined important considerations for researchers, such as ensuring the results are clinically useful and deciding when it's appropriate to share findings with family members. This is crucial because understanding epigenetic data can help individuals learn about their health risks and make informed choices. Who this helps: This benefits patients and their families who receive epigenetic research results.

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This study looked at a group of cells called neural crest cells, which help form various tissues in developing embryos. Researchers found that these cells differ based on where they originate in the embryo, with some groups capable of developing into specific tissues like cartilage and bone, especially the cranial neural crest. Understanding these differences is important because they shed light on how vertebrates develop and evolve. Who this helps: This helps researchers studying embryonic development and evolutionary biology.

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This study looked at a major global warming event that happened about 56 million years ago, known as the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Researchers found that this warming caused significant changes in weather patterns, with North America becoming hotter and drier, while many other regions experienced increased rainfall. Understanding these historical climate changes helps scientists better predict how today's climate might evolve. Who this helps: This benefits climate scientists and researchers working on understanding current and future climate changes.

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This study looked at how certain signals in developing cells can control their ability to become different cell types. Researchers found that a combination of Wnt signals and specific molecules called miRNAs helps turn off the stem cell programs in these cells based on their location in the developing embryo. Understanding this process is important because it sheds light on how cells decide what type they will become, which could improve regenerative medicine techniques. Who this helps: This helps researchers and doctors working on stem cell therapies and developmental biology.

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This study focused on creating dopamine-producing neurons from human stem cells, which could be important for treating Parkinson's disease. Researchers found that these induced neurons, made from stem cells of Parkinson's patients, had different gene expressions compared to normal neurons, particularly in genes linked to neuron maturity. This discovery is important because improving the creation of these neurons could enhance our understanding and treatment of Parkinson's disease. Who this helps: This research benefits Parkinson's patients and scientists studying the disease.

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The study focused on how to track the development of dopamine-producing neurons from human stem cells and how these neurons respond to harmful substances. Researchers created a genetic marker that allows them to see how many of these neurons are made during the process and found their method can quickly measure neuron survival when exposed to toxins. This is important because it offers a new way to test drugs and understand toxic effects without relying on older cell models. Who this helps: This helps researchers and drug developers in creating safer treatments for neurological diseases.

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This study looked at patients in southwestern Guatemala who are on hemodialysis, focusing on those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused by factors other than the usual ones like high blood pressure or obesity. Out of 242 patients, 45 (about 19%) were found to have CKD without these traditional risks. Understanding the prevalence of non-traditional CKD is important because it helps identify other potential risk factors and improves treatment strategies. Who this helps: This information benefits doctors and healthcare providers by informing their understanding of kidney disease in different populations.

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This research paper looks at how academic health science centers (AHSCs) can better connect their research, clinical care, and education to improve decision-making and patient care. It reveals a new model that highlights the importance of cross-functional teamwork among clinicians, researchers, and educators, suggesting that these collaborations enhance learning and lead to better patient outcomes. The study emphasizes that activities where different professionals come together to share knowledge and learn from each other are crucial for effective health care practices. Who this helps: This helps patients by improving the quality of care they receive.

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This study looked at whether HbA1c levels, which reflect blood sugar control in diabetes, could predict foot-related complications in diabetic patients in East Harlem. Researchers found that the average HbA1c level among the 38 participants was 8.23%, but it did not help predict the number of foot problems they had, even after considering factors like age and how long they’d had diabetes. This matters because improving our understanding of these connections could help prevent complications that lead to infections or amputations, ultimately reducing healthcare costs. Who this helps: This research helps doctors and healthcare providers understand the risk of foot complications in diabetic patients.

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This study looked at how often people in Guatemala start dialysis for chronic kidney disease, particularly a type caused by factors other than traditional risks. The researchers found that dialysis enrollment is much higher in the southwest part of the country, particularly among men (58% compared to 49% for women). This pattern is similar to findings in neighboring Nicaragua and El Salvador, suggesting that the kidney disease problem is widespread in the region, especially in areas with high temperatures and sugar cane farming. Who this helps: This information benefits patients at risk for chronic kidney disease, especially agricultural workers in Central America.

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This study examined changes in heart size among people with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) over one year, even though their blood pressure and kidney function stayed the same. Researchers found that the amount of heart muscle mass increased significantly from 47 to 53 grams per square meter (g/m².7), indicating worsening heart health, while other heart function measures remained stable. This is important because it shows that kidney disease can lead to heart issues independently of other health markers, highlighting the need for closer monitoring of heart health in CKD patients. Who this helps: This helps patients with chronic kidney disease and their doctors by emphasizing the importance of monitoring cardiovascular health.

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This study looked at how a medication called lanthanum carbonate, used to manage phosphorus levels, affects blood vessel stiffness in people with early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Over 12 months, researchers found that this treatment did not change phosphorus levels or improve any vascular health markers like stiffness or thickness of the arteries in 38 participants. These results are important because they suggest that lanthanum carbonate may not help prevent cardiovascular problems related to CKD. Who this helps: This information helps doctors treating patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease.

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This study focused on how well patients follow their phosphate treatment plans, specifically using a medication called sevelamer carbonate. Researchers at a dialysis center found that when patients received better education about their treatment, they were more likely to stick with their dosing schedule. As a result, the number of patients achieving the right phosphate levels increased significantly. Who this helps: This benefits patients undergoing dialysis who need better phosphate control.

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This study looked at whether a special sponge treated with chlorhexidine could help reduce catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in patients on hemodialysis. While 37 infections occurred in the group using the sponge, a similar group not using it had 30 infections, resulting in rates of 6.3 and 5.2 infections per 1,000 dialysis sessions, which shows the sponge didn't significantly help. This matters because CRBSIs are common in these patients, and improving their care is crucial for their health and safety. Who this helps: Patients undergoing hemodialysis.

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This study focused on how to improve educational programs for adults with end-stage kidney disease by considering the different stages of adjustment that patients go through. Researchers found that tailored education based on a patient's specific stage of coping could help patients better understand their illness and treatment options, ultimately enhancing their quality of life. By addressing psychological needs alongside medical education, these programs can lead to better outcomes for patients. Who this helps: Patients with end-stage renal disease and their families.

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This study looked at two proteins, FGF-23 and sFRP-4, in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those who had kidney transplants. Researchers found that as kidney function declined, FGF-23 levels increased, and in kidney transplant patients, FGF-23 dropped dramatically by 88.8% within a few days after surgery. Understanding these proteins is important because they help explain the changes in phosphorus levels that can affect patient health before and after a kidney transplant. Who this helps: This helps patients with chronic kidney disease and those who have received kidney transplants.

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This study looked at how the drug spironolactone affects blood pressure in patients on hemodialysis who are unable to produce urine (oligo-anuric). The researchers found that after two weeks of taking spironolactone, the average systolic blood pressure dropped from 142 mm Hg to 131 mm Hg, which is a significant decrease. Importantly, the drug did not raise potassium levels in these patients, indicating it is safe to use in this group. Who this helps: This benefits patients on hemodialysis, particularly those who struggle with high blood pressure.

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This study focused on the safety of iron sucrose as a treatment for iron deficiency in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Researchers gave a total of 8,583 doses of iron sucrose to 665 patients and found no serious or life-threatening side effects, even among those who previously had issues with other iron treatments. This is important because it confirms that iron sucrose is a safe option for managing iron levels in these patients, helping to prevent complications related to iron deficiency. Who this helps: This benefits hemodialysis patients who need iron treatment.

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This research paper looks at the ethical issues surrounding pharmacogenetics, which is the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs. The authors found that many different people, including regulators, doctors, and the public, recognize the need to address these ethical concerns proactively. They emphasize that it’s important to start creating solutions to ensure that the benefits of pharmacogenetic testing are used responsibly in medicine. Who this helps: This helps patients by ensuring that genetic testing for drug responses is handled ethically and effectively.

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This study looked at how low levels of astigmatism, a common vision issue, affect people with presbyopia, which makes it hard to see things up close. Researchers tested 15 participants aged 45 to 68 by giving them different types of contact lenses: some without astigmatism and some with varying degrees of astigmatism. They found that those with no astigmatism (spherical lenses) had slightly better vision at intermediate distances, leading to a better quality of life rating, while those with astigmatism performed better on certain depth perception tests. Who this helps: This helps patients with presbyopia by showing they may benefit more from certain types of contact lenses.

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This study looked at how a training program for primary care staff affected vision screening for preschool children, especially focusing on 3-year-olds. After the training, 26% of practices reported a higher screening frequency for 3-year-olds (the only age group to show an increase), and staff felt more comfortable performing screenings. Although the training was seen as helpful, it wasn't enough to ensure all preschool-aged children are screened effectively. Who this helps: This helps pediatricians and family medicine practices improve vision screening for young children.

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This study explored how marketing strategies can help promote and evaluate a program aimed at increasing physical activity. Researchers found that after three months, most participants improved their activity levels significantly, regardless of whether they were in the study group or the control group. This is important because it shows that effective promotion can lead to healthier behaviors in the community. Who this helps: This benefits patients who want to be more active and improve their health.

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This study looked at a less invasive surgical method called laparoscopic nephrectomy for patients with end-stage renal disease and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The researchers performed this surgery on nine patients and found that after an average follow-up of 31 months, all patients reported complete relief from their preoperative pain. On average, patients stayed in the hospital for just three days and were back to normal activities within five weeks, showing this method is effective and has a quicker recovery time compared to traditional surgery. Who this helps: Patients suffering from ADPKD and end-stage renal disease.

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This study looked at how implicit memory, which helps us recognize incomplete pictures, develops as children grow. Researchers tested people aged 5 to 28 and found that both implicit memory and explicit memory improve with age, showing that implicit memory is also influenced by developmental changes. This is important because it challenges the belief that implicit memory is fully formed in very young children and suggests that our understanding of memory development needs to be updated. Who this helps: This helps educators and psychologists understand how children learn and remember information over time.

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This research studied how recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) affects the survival of endothelial cells, which line blood vessels, when they are exposed to a harmful substance called LPS. The findings showed that endothelial cells treated with rHuEPO had a significantly lower rate of cell death (apoptosis) compared to those that were not treated, with only 9% of rHuEPO-treated cells dying compared to 33% of LPS-treated cells. This matters because rHuEPO's ability to protect these cells could play an important role in preventing damage to blood vessels. Who this helps: This helps patients with conditions that affect blood vessels, such as cardiovascular diseases.

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This study examined the rates of tuberculosis (TB) infection and anergy (lack of response to the TB skin test) in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Among 307 patients tested, 48 (16%) showed positive TB test results or had a history of TB, while 88 patients (32%) did not respond to skin tests at all, indicating they were anergic. The findings highlight the need for regular TB screening in hemodialysis patients and suggest that more patients should receive preventive treatment. Who this helps: This helps patients on hemodialysis and their healthcare providers.

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Researchers studied how young children, specifically 5- and 6-year-olds, name pictures compared to adults. They looked at 400 line drawings and found that children often used different names for the same pictures, gave more alternative names, and struggled more with naming than adults. This matters because understanding these differences can help improve tests and activities for assessing cognitive abilities in young children. Who this helps: This helps educators and psychologists who work with young children.