DR. NANCY ABLE MORRISON, M.D.

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This study explored how medical training that includes different skin tones affects doctors' ability to diagnose skin conditions. Researchers tested 411 medical students and graduates using images of skin conditions on both white and non-white skin. They found that all participants were significantly better at diagnosing conditions on white skin, and simply seeing more non-white patients during training did not improve their skills in diagnosing skin issues for that group. Who this helps: This benefits patients with diverse skin tones who may receive more accurate diagnoses.

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The study examined how a medication called Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), which helps build bone, works in mice with a specific genetic modification that impacts a protein called MCP1. In normal mice, PTH significantly increased bone density, but in the modified mice lacking MCP1, the effect of PTH was much weaker—showing only a slight increase in bone density compared to significant increases in normal mice. This research highlights the importance of MCP1 in bone growth and suggests that targeting this protein might be key in osteoporosis treatment. Who this helps: This information benefits patients with osteoporosis who need effective treatments to prevent bone loss.

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This study looked at how different treatments for early psychosis are being used in 20 low- and middle-income countries. Researchers found that while some programs combined medication with other types of support, very few included psychological help, which was shown to improve recovery for patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). In total, 125 studies were reviewed, and the results indicated that adding psychological support to treatment can lead to better outcomes compared to just using medication alone. Who this helps: This benefits patients with early psychosis and their families.

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This study looked at almost 3,000 young people using mental health services in Canada to understand the problems they faced and the support they received. Researchers found that 41.67% had serious issues affecting their daily lives, but most of them (71.42%) only received one type of service initially. The differences in services offered at different locations highlight the need for more consistent care across the country. Who this helps: This helps youth with mental health challenges and the healthcare providers supporting them.

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This study examined the rising rates of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) in African Americans, comparing it to late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC) over 60 years. Researchers found that among 176 EOCRC cases, the average age at diagnosis was 38, and these patients were more likely to experience symptoms like abdominal pain (23.3% vs. 17.2% in LOCRC) and changes in bowel habits (24.4% vs. 14%). This matters because the increase in EOCRC cases highlights the need for more awareness and earlier screening in younger individuals, especially in the African American community, who are already presenting with this disease at younger ages. Who this helps: This helps patients and healthcare providers by emphasizing the importance of early detection and tailored treatment strategies.

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This study focused on how to better prepare medical students to recognize and respond to microaggressions—subtle, often unintentional, comments or behaviors that can be hurtful. After a lecture and interactive activities involving 183 third-year medical students, their confidence in identifying microaggressions increased significantly, with scores showing a rise from 4.00 to 5.00 for understanding the effects of such behaviors. This improvement is crucial as it helps create a more inclusive and supportive environment for all students, ultimately enhancing patient care. Who this helps: This benefits medical students from all backgrounds, especially those in minoritized groups.

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This study looked at how improving mental health services can help young people, especially those from diverse backgrounds. Researchers found that after implementing a new approach, the number of youths referred for mental health help increased by 10% every six months, and the time it took to get evaluated and start services decreased by 3% over the study period. This means that young people are getting help faster, which is crucial for their mental well-being. Who this helps: This benefits youths needing mental health services, especially those with severe mental health issues.

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This study looked at how effectively silicon can convert ultraviolet (UV) light into electrical signals, specifically measuring how many electron-hole pairs are created when UV photons hit silicon. Researchers found that the quantum yield values they measured were lower than earlier reports, which could affect experiments trying to detect dark matter and the efficiency of UV detectors. Understanding these measurements is important for improving the performance of devices that rely on detecting UV light. Who this helps: This helps researchers and engineers working on semiconductor technologies and dark matter detection.

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This study looked at how joining a community-based food cooperative in Australia, called Box Divvy, affected people's access to healthy food and their diet. Before joining, 50.8% of the 2,277 participants reported being food insecure. After joining, that number dropped by 22.6%, and people reported eating 2.5 more servings of fruit and 3.3 more servings of vegetables each week. This is important because it shows that food cooperatives can help people eat healthier and have better access to essential food items. Who this helps: This benefits individuals and families struggling with food insecurity.

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This study focuses on creating and assessing a dementia education program called Dementia Friends Unite, specifically designed for diverse cultural communities in South Western Sydney, Australia. The project, which includes collaboration with representatives from Arabic, Cantonese, English, Greek, Mandarin, and Vietnamese communities, aims to improve understanding and support for dementia, measuring its effectiveness through surveys and interviews. The results of this initiative are important because they will help reduce stigma and enhance support for those affected by dementia in multicultural settings, offering a model for similar efforts elsewhere. Who this helps: This helps patients, caregivers, and community members at risk of or living with dementia.

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This study looked at how to make communities more welcoming for people with dementia from different cultural backgrounds in Canterbury-Bankstown, Australia. Researchers interviewed 17 people in English, Arabic, and Vietnamese and found that language barriers, cultural stigma, and public transportation access made it harder for these individuals to participate fully in their communities. To improve this situation, participants recommended more inclusive social groups, better transport options, and education about dementia for everyone in the community. Who this helps: This benefits families and caregivers of people with dementia, especially from diverse cultural backgrounds.

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In this study, researchers looked at how much emergency room patients know about the effects of cannabis, comparing those who use cannabis to those who don’t. They found that cannabis users had a harder time identifying the negative effects of cannabis: users scored an average of 2.51/5 for short-term effects and 1.78/5 for long-term effects, while non-users scored 3.28/5 and 2.38/5, respectively, indicating significant knowledge gaps among users. Understanding these gaps is important for developing public health strategies to better inform people about cannabis use. Who this helps: This helps both patients who use cannabis and healthcare professionals working in emergency departments.

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The study looked at the mental health of women who cannot carry a pregnancy due to uterine issues, helping to prepare for uterus transplants as a treatment. Among 39 women surveyed, those with congenital issues displayed more severe depression and anxiety symptoms than those with acquired issues. Overall, women with uterine infertility reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress compared to other infertility groups, highlighting the need for better psychological support for these patients. Who this helps: Women experiencing uterine infertility who may consider uterus transplantation.

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This study looked at the experiences of Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) medical students in the UK to understand what helps and hinders their academic performance. Researchers found that out of 362 survey respondents, students faced significant barriers like limited resources and racism, which negatively impacted their learning. However, supportive relationships were important facilitators, showing that creating a sense of belonging is crucial. Who this helps: This benefits BAME medical students and institutions aiming to foster inclusive educational environments.

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This study looked at how long-COVID affects the digestive system and whether these gastrointestinal (GI) issues are linked to sleep and neurological problems in mostly minority patients. Out of 639 patients followed after hospitalization, 39 (13.3%) reported GI symptoms, with nausea and vomiting being the most common. Additionally, 28 (9.5%) experienced sleep difficulties, and 79 (27%) showed signs of cognitive impairment. Understanding these connections can help improve care for long-COVID patients, especially those with GI symptoms. Who this helps: This helps patients recovering from long-COVID, particularly those experiencing digestive and sleep issues.

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This study looked at how cancer affects the hospital experience of COVID-19 patients compared to those without cancer. Researchers reviewed the records of 1,943 COVID-19 patients, finding that 18.7% had a history of cancer, and these cancer patients spent an average of 8.24 days in the hospital, longer than the 6.7 days for non-cancer patients. They discovered that older men and those with symptoms like difficulty breathing or abnormal liver enzymes faced higher risks of death, particularly among patients with a previous cancer history. Who this helps: This information benefits doctors and healthcare teams working with cancer patients infected with COVID-19, as it helps them identify at-risk individuals and tailor their treatment plans.

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This research focused on improving a technique called microwave impedance microscopy (MIM), which is used to study materials at a very small scale. The team found that by using simple silicon probes and avoiding complex components, they achieved impressive results: they could observe details as small as 15 nanometers and reached a new sensitivity level of 0.26 zF/√Hz. This improvement makes MIM easier to use and opens up new possibilities for advanced research. Who this helps: This benefits researchers and scientists in fields that require detailed material analysis, such as nanotechnology and materials science.

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This research focused on the use of water-based exercise therapy for treating chronic venous disorders (CVD) in the legs. The findings indicate that aquatic exercises can effectively support traditional treatments, helping to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. In fact, these aquatic methods are now recognized in the latest guidelines from the European Society for Vascular Surgery. Who this helps: This benefits patients suffering from chronic venous disorders.

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This study looked at the genetic makeup of 477 individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) to better understand how specific genes affect the disease. Researchers found that two genetic variations increase the risk of meconium ileus, a serious condition that can worsen CF symptoms, with percentages of 0.28% and 1.1% respectively. These findings help explain how certain genetic factors influence CF and may also relate to non-CF pancreatitis, which affects some patients as well. Who this helps: This research benefits patients with cystic fibrosis and their doctors by providing insights into disease management and potential treatments.

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This study looked at how living conditions in Kapuk Urban Village, a slum in Jakarta, affect the spread of COVID-19. Researchers found that poor housing and economic factors made the community more vulnerable to the virus, highlighting the need for targeted support. Improving city planning and policies, like using an "urban acupuncture" approach, can help these communities better cope with health crises in the future. Who this helps: This benefits residents of slums and policy makers working to improve their living conditions.

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This research focused on sclerotherapy, a common treatment for problems with superficial veins. The experts found that while sclerotherapy is generally safe, certain conditions like severe allergies or recent blood clots can make it risky. They emphasized the importance of a thorough assessment of each patient’s health to ensure that the benefits outweigh the risks, and recommended that treatment be done by well-trained doctors in controlled settings. Who this helps: This benefits patients looking for effective treatments for vein issues while minimizing risks.

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Researchers studied a patient who received 25 unnecessary shocks from their implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and experienced 22 instances where the device tried to control a rapid heart rate. These issues were likely caused by a broken wire in the device, and one attempt to correct the heart rate actually triggered another type of dangerous heart rhythm. This case is important because it highlights a rare but serious malfunction of ICDs, emphasizing the need for careful monitoring of these devices. Who this helps: This helps patients with ICDs and their healthcare providers.

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The study focused on a new method called SituSeq that allows researchers to quickly analyze the genetic material of microbes using a portable setup, without needing internet access or big equipment. It was tested in the ocean and showed that over 70% of the genetic data matched results from a more traditional method, confirming accuracy. This technology is important because it enables faster decision-making during research and healthcare, especially in remote locations. Who this helps: This benefits researchers in the field and healthcare providers working in remote areas.

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This study looked at the experiences of 20 graduate medical students from racially minoritized backgrounds in the UK and how racial microaggressions affected their education and well-being. The students frequently felt uncomfortable and overlooked during classes and clinical placements, which harmed their learning and performance. They suggested that schools should make changes to support a more inclusive environment and address racism directly. Who this helps: This helps racially minoritized medical students by highlighting their challenges and promoting better support in medical education.

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Researchers studied a new vaccine called VesiculoVax, designed to protect against four deadly viruses: Marburg virus and three types of Ebola virus. In their tests with monkeys, all of the vaccinated monkeys survived exposure to Marburg, Sudan, and Bundibugyo viruses, while 80% survived Ebola. This vaccine could provide a quick and effective response to outbreaks, making it a promising tool for preventing serious illnesses caused by these viruses. Who this helps: This benefits patients at risk of filovirus infections and healthcare workers responding to outbreaks.

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This study looked at tiny microorganisms in the seabed of potential offshore oil drilling areas off Canada's east coast from 2015 to 2018. Researchers found that the types of bacteria were mostly the same over time and space, but one site showed unusual results with fewer typical bacteria and more associated with cold seeps, even though no oil was expected in that area. This is important because it shows that studying these microorganisms can provide valuable information about the health of marine environments and help track changes due to pollution. Who this helps: This helps environmental scientists and conservationists monitor ocean health.

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This research focused on improving the way certain hydrogels, which can deliver drugs directly into specific areas of the body, are made. The scientists developed a new method that allows these hydrogels to form quickly—within 2 minutes—compared to the previous method that took over 20 minutes. They were able to create gels using different amounts of materials and found that their new method could produce effective hydrogels that can be stored for up to two months without losing their effectiveness. Who this helps: This research benefits patients needing targeted drug delivery, especially for conditions requiring localized treatment.

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This study looked at ways to improve access to healthy food in wealthy areas where people struggle to eat well, focusing on methods like mobile markets and community farms. Out of seven reviewed studies, six showed significant increases in fruit and vegetable intake among participants; one found that people ate 1.5 servings more per day after the intervention. This research highlights that community-based food programs can effectively boost healthy eating, which is crucial for tackling diet-related health issues. Who this helps: This benefits patients, especially those living in areas with limited access to healthy food.

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In this study, researchers looked at two ways to treat young people with a condition called thyrotoxicosis, which involves having too much thyroid hormone. They compared two treatment methods: one that blocks and replaces hormones (BR) and another that carefully adjusts smaller doses (DT). They found that after six months, patients on the dose titration method had faster normal levels of thyroid hormone, reaching normal levels in about 28 days compared to 35 days for those on the blocking method. Importantly, 94% of patients achieved normal hormone levels, although a third still had some hormone suppression, and both methods led to significant weight gain. Who this helps: This research helps young patients with thyrotoxicosis and their doctors by providing clearer treatment options.

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This study looked at a gene called SLC26A9 and its potential role in improving lung function for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and other lung diseases. Researchers found that a specific variant of this gene (the CC genotype) was linked to better lung function in CF patients who have severe mutations that currently lack effective treatments. In particular, those with this variant experienced greater benefits from CF therapies, suggesting that focusing on SLC26A9 could help many CF patients and others with lung conditions. Who this helps: This benefits cystic fibrosis patients and individuals with other obstructive lung diseases.

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This study examined how urban planning and design affect the spread and management of respiratory pandemics like COVID-19. Researchers reviewed 1,323 sources and included 92 articles, finding that pandemics require responses that range from global to local levels, highlighting the importance of understanding city layouts, governance, and support for vulnerable populations. This matters because improving city planning can help better protect public health during future pandemics. Who this helps: This benefits city planners, public health officials, and communities.

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Researchers studied how bacteria that survive in extreme conditions deep under the ocean spread and thrive in environments rich in hydrocarbons, which are found in oil. They found that certain heat-loving bacteria, known as thermophilic endospores, can move through pathways created by oil and gas formations, suggesting that they can survive transport back to the seabed, where they can grow and reproduce again. This discovery is important because it helps us understand how microbial life can persist and adapt in extreme environments, which could impact how we explore and manage natural resources like oil. Who this helps: This helps scientists studying deep-sea ecosystems and industries involved in oil extraction.

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This study focused on how to predict the onset of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) by using specific markers measured at birth. Researchers analyzed data from nearly 3,000 cystic fibrosis patients and found that factors like sex and particular genetic markers could identify those at higher risk for developing CFRD later on. For example, the prediction model was able to distinguish the top 10% at risk from the bottom 10%, helping track and manage the condition more effectively. Who this helps: This benefits patients with cystic fibrosis and their doctors by improving early detection and management of CFRD.

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This study looked at how community mental health patients feel about having access to information about their clinicians' performance, such as their success rates. Out of 403 patients surveyed, most felt that knowing a clinician's track record would help them choose the right provider and lead to better mental health results. This is important because better-informed patients can be more engaged in their treatment and achieve improved outcomes. Who this helps: Patients seeking mental health care.

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This study compared two methods of performing CT urograms, which are imaging tests for the urinary system, to see how they differ in speed, image quality, and radiation exposure. Researchers looked at 241 scans and found that the single bolus method was quicker, taking an average of 678 seconds, compared to 1,046 seconds for the split bolus method. However, the single bolus technique resulted in a higher radiation dose. Who this helps: Patients needing CT urograms.

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This study looked at how a certain type of brain cell, called Myo/Nog cells, responds to brain injuries in rats. Researchers found that these cells increased in number about eight times near the injury, and when more of these cells were introduced from other animals, cell death was significantly reduced, leading to more healthy neurons. This matters because understanding how these cells work could help develop treatments to protect the brain after injuries. Who this helps: This helps patients with brain injuries and the doctors treating them.

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This study compared two treatment methods for young people (ages 2-17) with hyperthyroidism, a condition where the thyroid produces too much hormone. Researchers looked at 82 patients over three years and found that 60.2% of those on the "block and replace" method had normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, compared to 63.8% for those on the "dose titration" method, which is not a significant difference. Both methods had similar outcomes, with no clear advantage to one over the other, which is important for doctors deciding on treatment approaches for young patients. Who this helps: This helps patients with thyrotoxicosis and their doctors in choosing the best treatment plan.

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This study looked at a 53-year-old woman who had COVID-19 and experienced unexpected speech problems, specifically stuttering and difficulty finding words, during her visits to the emergency room. She tested positive for the virus, and her speech issues lasted for at least a week after leaving the hospital. Understanding these neurological symptoms is important because it helps doctors recognize the wide-ranging effects of COVID-19 and improves care for patients experiencing similar issues. Who this helps: This helps patients recovering from COVID-19 who might face neurological challenges.

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This study looked at a patient with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 who developed a rare condition called euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (eu-DKA), where high acid levels occur without high blood sugar. The patient was treated successfully with insulin and fluids, showing that quick medical intervention can help improve their condition. This matters because although eu-DKA is uncommon, it can happen in patients with COVID-19, highlighting the need for doctors to be alert to this risk. Who this helps: This helps doctors and patients with diabetes, particularly during COVID-19.