PATRICK JEAN-PHILIPPE, M.D.

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This study looked at the safety of a drug called isoniazid, used to prevent tuberculosis (TB), in pregnant women and those who have just given birth and are living with HIV. Out of 945 women, 6% experienced liver damage related to this treatment, with the risk being higher for those on nevirapine. Monitoring liver health after childbirth is important because the risk of liver damage is higher in the postpartum period. Who this helps: This research helps patients with HIV who are pregnant or recently gave birth, as well as their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at the effects of two specific treatments for HIV-1 in children, called broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), as a potential alternative to standard HIV medications. Researchers found that after 24 weeks of treatment, all 25 children transitioned to regular HIV medication, and side effects were minimal—none experienced severe issues, and nobody died. At 96 weeks, most children's immune health remained stable, and only 32% had detectable levels of the virus, showing that bNAb treatment did not harm their health. Who this helps: This research benefits children with HIV-1 and their healthcare providers by exploring innovative treatment options.

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This study looked at how much of the antiretroviral drugs dolutegravir (DTG), tenofovir (TAF), and tenofovir (TFV) transferred from mothers' breast milk to their infants. Researchers found that the transfer of DTG, TAF, and TFV to infants was very low, with only 1.9% of the drug from breast milk actually reaching the babies' bloodstream for DTG, and TAF and TFV levels were nearly undetectable. This is important because it shows that breastfeeding mothers on these medications have minimal risk of exposing their infants to significant drug levels, which can help in managing HIV treatment and drug resistance risks in babies. Who this helps: This benefits breastfeeding mothers with HIV and their infants.

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This research focuses on developing an HIV vaccine that can effectively protect children before they reach adolescence, when they may first be exposed to the virus. The study highlights that starting vaccinations in early childhood could be beneficial because children are less likely to be exposed to HIV at this age, and their immune systems might respond better to the vaccine. By using existing frameworks for childhood vaccinations, researchers aim to create a vaccine that induces long-lasting immunity, potentially leading to fewer infections in teens and young adults. Who this helps: This research benefits children and young adults at risk for HIV, as well as healthcare providers working to prevent HIV infections.

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This research studied the effects of starting HIV treatment very early in newborns who were infected before birth. Out of 54 children who participated, 11% (six children) qualified to stop their treatment after achieving goals like having no detectable virus in their blood. Remarkably, four of these children stayed virus-free for over 48 weeks without medication, demonstrating that, with proper early treatment, some children can potentially remain healthy without ongoing treatment for HIV. Who this helps: This benefits children infected with HIV before birth and their families, as well as doctors looking for effective treatment options.

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This study looked at how starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) very early in life for infants born with HIV-1 affects the size of the HIV-1 reservoirs in their bodies, which could help them live without needing lifelong treatment. Among the 54 infants studied who received the treatment, about 19% met the criteria to potentially pause ART. The results showed that early ART can lead to sustained control of HIV-1 levels and indicators of reducing the virus in the body, with 57% of infants in one group maintaining undetectable viral levels after two years. Who this helps: This research helps infants born with HIV-1 and their families by exploring options for reducing long-term treatment needs.

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This study looked at how weight changes during pregnancy affect outcomes for women with HIV, comparing different antiretroviral treatments. Researchers found that women taking the combination of dolutegravir (DTG) and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) had the least insufficient weight gain (15%) and the best overall pregnancy outcomes, while those on efavirenz (EFV) had the highest rate of insufficient weight gain (30.4%). This is important because maintaining healthy weight during pregnancy can reduce risks of complications such as stillbirth and preterm delivery, and the study supports using DTG-based treatment for pregnant women living with HIV. Who this helps: This helps pregnant women with HIV and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how the drug remdesivir works in pregnant and nonpregnant women with COVID-19. Researchers found that the levels of the drug in the blood were similar for both groups, although nonpregnant women had higher concentrations of the active form of the drug as they received more infusions. Importantly, there were no safety issues reported for pregnant women, meaning that remdesivir can be used without changing the dosage during pregnancy. Who this helps: This helps pregnant women with COVID-19 by providing safe treatment options.

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This study looked at how HIV can be passed from mothers to their infants during pregnancy and breastfeeding, focusing on drug resistance to treatments. Out of 617 newborns, only 4 (or 0.60%) were found to have received HIV from their mothers. The researchers found that a specific drug resistance mutation was present in all three surviving infants and in one mother, likely due to treatment with efavirenz before starting different HIV medications. Who this helps: This research benefits pregnant women living with HIV and their infants by improving understanding of treatment risks and transmission.

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This study looked at how different HIV treatments during pregnancy affected women's bone and kidney health up to 50 weeks after giving birth. It found that while women taking the dolutegravir + emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (DTG + FTC/TAF) showed somewhat better bone health, overall, there were no significant differences in bone density or kidney function changes among the different treatment groups. This matters because understanding the long-term health impacts of these treatments helps ensure safer options for pregnant women with HIV. Who this helps: This helps pregnant women with HIV and their healthcare providers.

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This study focused on how effective certain RSV vaccines are for children who are exposed to HIV but not infected (HEU) compared to those who are not exposed (HUU). Researchers found that 95% of HEU children and 84% of HUU children were successfully infected with the vaccine, meaning they developed an immune response. However, HEU children showed a stronger increase in immunity after vaccination, with 88% developing a significant antibody response compared to 67% of HUU children. This matters because HEU children are at greater risk for serious RSV illness and vaccination could help protect them better. Who this helps: HEU children at risk for respiratory illness.

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This study examined 54 infants born with HIV who started treatment with antiretroviral therapy very early in life. Researchers found that by the time the infants were 24 and 48 weeks old, more than 80% of them had strong immune system indicators, with CD4 counts of at least 1,500 cells/mm³ and CD4 percentages of at least 25%. These results suggest that not all infants who start treatment early may need extra medication to prevent a specific lung infection during their first year. Who this helps: This research benefits infants with HIV and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at the effects of HIV treatment on new mothers to see if the medications caused any problems with thinking, mood, or sleep. Out of 956 women, 78% showed signs of issues like mild depression (13%), cognitive complaints (8%), or poor sleep quality (10%) at different points after giving birth, while 13% experienced nerve pain 24 weeks after delivery. These findings are important because they highlight the need to keep an eye on new mothers undergoing HIV treatment for mental and neurological health problems. Who this helps: This helps postpartum women receiving HIV treatment.

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This study looked at how starting HIV treatment right after birth affects young children in Botswana. Researchers found that 95% of the 40 children who began treatment within just a few days of being born were still participating in the study after 96 weeks, and their immune health was good, with most (74%) showing very low levels of the virus. These results are important because they show that early HIV treatment can lead to better health outcomes for infants. Who this helps: This helps infants diagnosed with HIV and their healthcare providers.

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The study examined research on HIV prevention and care for adolescents and young adults (AYA) in low- and middle-income countries, focusing on the funding provided by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 2012 to 2021. They found that only 14% of grant applications were funded, resulting in 103 related publications, but many studies overlooked key populations affected by HIV and focused primarily on sub-Saharan Africa. This is important because it highlights significant gaps in research and funding for effective interventions aimed at AYA, prompting NIH to launch a new initiative called PATCH to address these issues. Who this helps: This benefits adolescents and young adults at risk of or living with HIV.

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This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of three different HIV treatment regimens started during pregnancy and continued for up to 50 weeks after childbirth. Of the 643 pregnant women involved, 25% in one treatment group and 31% in another experienced serious health events, with a significant difference in infant deaths—7% in the efavirenz group compared to 1% in the dolutegravir groups. The findings support using dolutegravir-based therapy as safer and more effective for mothers and infants than efavirenz. Who this helps: This benefits pregnant women with HIV and their infants.

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This study looked at the use of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to treat children with HIV in Botswana, specifically those who had been on standard HIV treatment for a while. Out of 25 children, 11 (44%) were able to keep their HIV levels below a critical threshold for 24 weeks using only bNAbs, while 14 (56%) saw their virus levels rise within 4 weeks. These findings are important because they suggest that bNAb treatments could offer a new way to control HIV in young patients without relying solely on traditional medications. Who this helps: This helps children living with HIV and their doctors by providing new treatment options.

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The InterConnect project is a major European initiative aimed at improving how energy is used across 25 locations, involving over 3,500 participants. The project focuses on making existing equipment like heaters and water tanks more efficient, which can help lower energy costs and promote sustainable habits. This is especially important as it aligns with the European Union's goals to address climate change, benefiting low-income households that often rely on energy-intensive appliances. Who this helps: This helps low-income households and consumers who use a lot of energy.

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This research looked at how different factors, like genetics and tuberculosis (TB) treatment, affect how the drug efavirenz works in young children under 40 months old. They found that the liquid form of the drug worked less effectively than opened capsules, reducing drug levels by 42%. Also, the presence of certain genetic variations (CYP2B6 genotypes) significantly impacted drug clearance, with children having the GG genotype clearing the drug 5.3 times faster than those with the TT genotype. It's important to consider these factors when doctors are deciding how much efavirenz to give to young patients, but no dose adjustments for TB treatment are needed. Who this helps: This helps young patients with HIV, particularly those also being treated for TB, and their doctors who prescribe treatment.

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This study looked at two potential vaccines for the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in healthy children aged 6 to 24 months who had never been infected with RSV before. The results showed that 88% of kids who received one vaccine and 96% who received the other developed an immune response, while symptoms like mild upper respiratory illness occurred in 64% and 84% of the children given the vaccines compared to 58% of those given a placebo. It's important because these vaccines can potentially protect children from RSV infections, which can be severe. Who this helps: This helps young children and their parents by providing new options for RSV vaccination.

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This study looked at how early treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) affects the HIV virus in newborns. Researchers found that starting ART within hours of birth significantly reduces the number of intact HIV cells in these infants. Specifically, they observed that after beginning treatment, the amount of these cells dropped rapidly while the levels of immune cells that attack the virus increased. This is important because it shows that quick treatment can improve immune responses and help control HIV in young infants. Who this helps: This helps infants diagnosed with HIV and their healthcare providers.

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This study examined how the drug maraviroc behaves in the bodies of newborns in their first six weeks, especially in terms of how much of the drug is cleared from their systems. Researchers found that in the first four days of life, newborns clear maraviroc at a rate 44% slower than older infants, but by using the current recommended dosing guidelines, about 84.3% of infants reached effective drug levels similar to those seen in adults. This is important because it means maraviroc can be a viable treatment option for very young infants dealing with HIV. Who this helps: Patients, specifically newborns with HIV.

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This study looked at how different HIV medications and the severity of the disease affected brain development in children aged 5 to 11 living with HIV in Africa. Researchers found that children taking nevirapine scored lower on neuropsychological tests compared to those on lopinavir/ritonavir, and that certain health issues, like being born with low weight and having severe HIV symptoms, were linked to worse cognitive outcomes. This is important because it shows that the choice of HIV medication can impact a child’s brain health, highlighting the need for careful medication selection. Who this helps: This helps children living with HIV, their families, and healthcare providers.

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This study looked at the safety and effectiveness of two treatments, 10-1074 and VRC01LS, for young children with HIV who were already on antiviral therapy. Researchers found that these treatments were safe for the children, with no serious side effects, and the levels of the treatments in their blood were higher than needed to be effective, especially when given every four weeks. This is important because it shows that these treatments could potentially help manage HIV in young children more effectively. Who this helps: This helps young children with HIV and their healthcare providers.

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This study examined the safety and effectiveness of starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) for infants with HIV during their first week of life. Researchers found that even when drug levels of the initial treatment were low—50% of infants had levels below the target—most children managed to keep the virus at very low levels: 55% had fewer than 40 copies of the virus per milliliter of blood at 12 weeks, and 71% at 24 weeks. This is important because it demonstrates that early ART is both safe and helps to control HIV in newborns, reducing the risk of serious health issues later on. Who this helps: This benefits infants born with HIV and their families by providing an effective treatment option right after birth.

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This study looked at how pregnancy affects the levels of two important medications, isoniazid and efavirenz, in women living with HIV. Researchers found that during pregnancy, the body clears isoniazid and efavirenz faster—by 26% and 15%, respectively—compared to women who are not pregnant. Additionally, isoniazid can slow down the clearance of efavirenz, especially in women with certain genetic traits, leading to up to a five-fold difference in drug levels based on these genetic variations. Who this helps: This research benefits pregnant women with HIV by informing their treatment plans to improve health outcomes.

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This study looked at the effects of starting isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) during pregnancy on women living with HIV. Researchers found that women who began IPT while pregnant had a higher chance of facing serious pregnancy complications, with their overall risk being about 1.63 to 1.74 times greater compared to those who started treatment after giving birth. This is important because it highlights potential risks of giving this therapy during pregnancy, which may influence treatment decisions for expecting mothers with HIV. Who this helps: This information benefits pregnant women living with HIV and their healthcare providers.

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This study examined the timing of TB preventive treatment in pregnant women who also have HIV. Researchers found that initiating treatment before birth resulted in worse outcomes for mothers and infants if they were taking a specific HIV medication called nevirapine, with a difference in outcome scores of 14.3 points, indicating more complications compared to starting after birth. It’s crucial for healthcare providers to consider the type of HIV treatment when determining the best time for pregnant women to start TB prevention, as this could significantly impact their health and that of their babies. Who this helps: This information benefits pregnant women living with HIV and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how infections and the immune system in pregnant women can affect their health and the health of their babies. It found that around 12.5% of maternal deaths in the U.S. are caused by infections, which is concerning because the overall maternal death rate has been rising. Understanding how infections disrupt the immune balance during pregnancy is crucial because it can lead to serious health risks for both mothers and their babies. Who this helps: This benefits pregnant women and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at the use of a HIV medication called nevirapine for newborns at high risk of getting HIV shortly after birth. Researchers found that 90% of the newborns had healthy levels of the drug in their system after one week, and 87% maintained these levels after two weeks. Despite some mild side effects in 7% of cases, no newborns had to stop the treatment, showing that this early intervention is both safe and effective. Who this helps: This benefits newborns exposed to HIV and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how early treatment for HIV in infants affects the amount of HIV present in their bodies and how that relates to successful treatment. Researchers found that infants who started treatment within the first week of life had a median of 40.8 copies of HIV DNA per million cells after 84 weeks, compared to 981.4 copies in later-treated infants, showing that early treatment significantly lowers the viral reservoir (P < .001). This is important because it suggests that starting treatment very early can lead to better long-term control of the virus, making it easier to manage HIV in these children as they grow. Who this helps: This helps children living with HIV and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how effective and safe different HIV treatment combinations are for pregnant women starting therapy in their second trimester. The results showed that 98% of women on the dolutegravir-based treatments achieved viral suppression at delivery, compared to 91% on the efavirenz regimen, indicating that dolutegravir is a better option. Additionally, fewer complications during pregnancy occurred in the dolutegravir group, such as preterm births and neonatal deaths, making it a safer choice for mothers and babies. Who this helps: This benefits pregnant women living with HIV and their infants.

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This study looked at the cognitive and motor skills of school-age children in Africa who were either living with HIV, were exposed to HIV but not infected, or were not exposed at all. Researchers followed 611 children over two years and found that those living with HIV performed significantly worse on tests of thinking ability, attention, and motor skills compared to both other groups, with their gap in skills worsening over time. This is important because even with early treatment, children with HIV face long-term challenges that can affect their independence as they grow. Who this helps: This helps children with HIV and their families by highlighting the need for ongoing support and resources.

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This study looked at a new RSV vaccine for young children, using a weakened version of the virus to boost their immune response. Out of 21 children who received the vaccine, 95% showed an increase in antibodies that fight RSV, and only 2 children developed a respiratory illness from RSV during the RSV season, compared to 4 out of 11 who received a placebo. This is important because RSV is the main cause of severe respiratory illness in young children, and an effective vaccine could prevent serious health issues. Who this helps: This helps young children at risk for severe RSV infections and their parents.

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This study looked at how children born with HIV respond to vaccines against pneumonia and meningitis, focusing on when they start antiretroviral treatment (ART) and whether they continue or stop it later. It found that children with HIV, regardless of their ART timing, had similar immunity levels after vaccinations compared to children without HIV. However, children with HIV showed slightly lower levels of certain antibodies after a booster shot. This matters because it suggests that the vaccination schedule is effective for children with HIV, helping protect them from serious infections. Who this helps: Patients, particularly children living with HIV.

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This study looked at how advanced imaging techniques could help diagnose tuberculosis (TB) in children, especially since TB is a major health issue and many kids are affected. The researchers highlighted that existing tests often miss the disease, and while X-rays can show abnormalities, they have limitations. They found that using advanced methods like CT scans could provide better insights into TB in children, which is crucial for understanding the disease and improving diagnosis and treatment. Who this helps: This helps doctors and healthcare providers working with children who might have tuberculosis.

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This study looked at how the United States is working to stop the transmission of HIV from mothers to their babies during pregnancy and childbirth. It found that in 2015, only 53 infants were born with HIV, the lowest number ever recorded, but emphasized that more work is needed to fully eliminate these cases. Recommendations include better identification and prevention strategies for pregnant women to keep moving towards this goal. Who this helps: This helps pregnant women and their babies, as well as healthcare providers working in maternal and child health.

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This study looked at how to give the right dose of efavirenz, a medication for HIV, to children under 3 years old who also have tuberculosis (TB). Researchers found that these children needed 25% to 33% higher doses of efavirenz to get the right amount in their bodies for the medication to be effective. Out of 14 children studied, all completed the treatment and achieved viral suppression, showing that the dosing adjustments worked well for young children with both infections. Who this helps: This benefits young children with HIV/TB, their families, and healthcare providers in TB-endemic areas.

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Researchers studied the development of long-lasting HIV treatments specifically for pregnant and breastfeeding women, children under 10, and adolescents aged 10 to 19. They found that better strategies need to be developed to ensure these groups’ unique needs are met and that research should happen simultaneously across all age groups instead of one after the other. This matters because effective and accessible treatments can greatly improve the health and well-being of these vulnerable populations. Who this helps: This helps patients, particularly young people and mothers living with HIV.

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This study looked at whether a drug called isoniazid is safe and effective for preventing tuberculosis in pregnant and postpartum women who are HIV-positive. Researchers tested 956 women, giving half the drug during pregnancy and the other half after delivery. They found that about 15% of women in both groups experienced serious side effects, suggesting that the timing of treatment does not significantly change the risk. However, more issues related to pregnancy outcomes, like stillbirths and low birth weight, were observed in women who started treatment during pregnancy. Who this helps: This benefits pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV.

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This study looked at how starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) for newborns infected with HIV-1 right after birth affects their health over time. Researchers found that infants who began treatment within hours of being born had a much smaller viral reservoir and better immune responses compared to those who started treatment later in their first year. Specifically, the early treatment led to reduced immune activation and a more effective T cell response, which is crucial for fighting the virus. This matters because it shows that giving ART as soon as possible can significantly protect newborns from severe illness caused by HIV-1. Who this helps: This helps newborns with HIV-1 infection and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at whether different HIV treatments affect the presence of malaria in children with HIV living in Malawi, an area with low-to moderate malaria cases. The researchers found that two types of HIV drugs, one based on protease inhibitors and another based on a different mechanism, did not significantly change the rates of asymptomatic malaria (43% lower risk with protease inhibitors) or visible malaria during sickness (48% lower risk), but these results were not strong enough to draw clear conclusions. Understanding how HIV treatments impact malaria rates matters because it can help improve care for children with both conditions. Who this helps: This helps children with HIV and their healthcare providers.

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This study examined whether testing newborns for HIV at birth could help identify and treat infants who are at high risk for the virus. Researchers found that out of 2,303 HIV-exposed newborns, only 12 (or 0.5% overall, but 3.25% of those identified as high risk) were HIV positive, and all were flagged as high risk based on their mothers' medical history. Targeted testing at birth based on mothers' treatment could significantly improve early diagnosis and treatment, which is crucial for the health and survival of these infants. Who this helps: This helps newborns who are at risk of HIV and their mothers.

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This study examined how well standard brain and behavior tests work for young children affected by HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Researchers tested 611 children aged 5-11, including those infected with HIV, those exposed to HIV but uninfected, and those unexposed to the virus. They found that children with HIV performed significantly worse on cognitive and behavioral assessments than their peers, highlighting the ongoing impact of the virus on brain development and function. Who this helps: This research helps doctors and clinicians better understand the cognitive challenges faced by young children living with HIV.

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This study investigated how well antiretroviral therapy (ART) worked in preventing tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-infected children in South Africa. Researchers followed 539 children and found that there were 10.67 cases of any TB per 100 children each year, with a lower rate of 2.89 for definite or probable TB cases. While ART did not significantly reduce TB cases, it did lower the risk of death by 61%. Who this helps: This benefits HIV-infected children and their healthcare providers by highlighting the importance of ART for improving survival rates.

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This study looked at the best way to dose efavirenz (EFV), a medication for HIV, in young children aged 3 to 36 months. Researchers found that children with a specific gene variant (CYP2B6 G516T) metabolized the drug differently, requiring a dose adjustment to ensure proper medication levels. After lowering the dose for those with the 516TT variant, 83% of participants reached the target drug levels, indicating that tailoring treatment based on genetic information is crucial for effective care. Who this helps: This research helps young children with HIV and their doctors by ensuring safer and more effective dosing of medication based on genetics.

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The study focused on improving testing for HIV in newborns and ensuring they receive the care they need if they test positive. It found that implementing early testing at birth can help reduce deaths among HIV-infected infants, but there are challenges to making it effective. Addressing these issues is crucial for improving health outcomes for these infants and meeting international goals for HIV treatment. Who this helps: This helps infants born with HIV and their families.

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The study looked at how well a booster dose of the meningococcal vaccine works in children and young people with HIV who had already received an initial dose. Researchers found that 98% of participants showed a positive immune response after the booster, with 88% to 94% responding effectively depending on the specific type of bacteria (serogroup) targeted by the vaccine. This is important because it shows that the booster can provide strong protection against serious bacterial infections, even for those who didn't start with high antibody levels. Who this helps: This helps HIV-infected children and youth by enhancing their protection against meningococcal disease.

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This study looked at how two different types of HIV treatments affect the occurrence of malaria in young children in Malawi. Researchers followed 31 children, comparing those who received a protease inhibitor (lopinavir-ritonavir) with those who received a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nevirapine). They found that the protease inhibitor, when used alongside malaria treatment, was linked to a lower chance of carrying malaria parasites in their blood, with about a 61% reduction in this risk. Who this helps: This information benefits doctors treating HIV-infected children in areas where malaria is common.