UMMEKALSOOM RAHMAN MALIK, MD

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This study looked at how magnesium and potassium supplements affect kidney health in diabetic patients who also suffer from insomnia. Researchers tested 290 patients and found that those who took magnesium supplements had lower levels of harmful substances in their blood, indicating improved kidney function. Specifically, they found significant reductions in serum urea and creatinine levels among participants who received magnesium alone or combined with potassium. Who this helps: This information is valuable for patients with diabetes and insomnia who are at risk of kidney problems.

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This study looked at how well dental students can seek, understand, and use feedback, which is important for their training and career development. Researchers surveyed 245 dental students and found that while the overall ability to handle feedback was high, with a score of 3.79 (on a scale where higher is better), many students were hesitant to actively seek feedback, as shown by a lower score of 3.75 in that area. Only 25.3% of the students had received any formal training on how to use feedback effectively, indicating a need for better support to help them learn and improve. Who this helps: This helps dental students improve their skills and future dentists develop better practices.

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This study looked at how well two imaging methods, PET-CT and DWI-MRI, can measure how well chemotherapy works in patients with colorectal cancer. The researchers found that DWI-MRI was better at detecting chemotherapy effectiveness, with 90.9% sensitivity compared to 84.4% for PET-CT. This matters because patients who showed similar positive responses on both scans had significantly longer cancer-free survival (18 months versus 4.8 months). Who this helps: This helps patients with colorectal cancer and their doctors in evaluating treatment effectiveness.

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This study looked at a new type of metal surface that can clean up pollutants in water more effectively using light. Researchers created a special 3D-printed metal surface (made of titanium, aluminum, and vanadium) that helps break down a harmful dye called Rhodamine B. They found that these surfaces not only cleaned up the dye but also improved the ability to monitor this process, achieving a 97% removal rate of the dye with enhanced detection methods. Who this helps: This benefits environmental scientists and engineers working on pollution cleanup.

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This research looked at two groups of natural substances called pyrazole and indazole alkaloids, focusing on their chemical structures and how they affect the body. The study found that these compounds can have various beneficial effects, including fighting bacteria, reducing inflammation, and potentially stopping cancer cells. Understanding these properties is crucial as it can lead to the development of new medications. Who this helps: This helps patients looking for new treatment options and doctors seeking effective therapies.

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This study looked at how healthcare workers in Pakistan feel about using artificial intelligence (AI) in their work. Of the 451 respondents, 74% knew about AI in healthcare, and 62.5% were eager to use it for diagnosing and planning treatments. However, only 33.9% felt confident using AI systems, highlighting the need for more training and support, especially in public hospitals where resources are limited. Who this helps: This research benefits healthcare practitioners and ultimately the patients they serve by improving healthcare efficiency through AI.

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This study looked at "scanxiety," or anxiety related to cancer imaging tests like CT and MRI, in 406 cancer patients. It found that 71.2% of these patients experienced high levels of anxiety, particularly while waiting for test results, with an average anxiety score of 7.1 out of 10 during that wait. Key factors that increased anxiety included longer wait times for results and having more advanced cancer, while good communication from staff and social support helped reduce anxiety. Who this helps: This benefits cancer patients and their healthcare providers by highlighting how support and communication can ease anxiety during imaging tests.

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This study looked at how social support affects feelings of imposter syndrome in medical students. Researchers found that higher social support was linked to lower feelings of being a fraud, anxiety, and stress. Specifically, students reported an average imposter syndrome score of 61.23, indicating frequent feelings of inadequacy, and social support was shown to directly reduce these feelings primarily by lessening anxiety and stress. Who this helps: This benefits medical students who often face high levels of stress and anxiety in their training.

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This study looked at a new way to create enhanced surfaces for detecting tiny amounts of substances using 3D printed metal materials. Researchers found that by using carbon soot and special chemical processes, they could turn these metal prints into effective surfaces for Raman spectroscopy, which helps identify chemicals. The new metal surfaces were shown to enhance the detection of a dye called Rhodamine B and could be reused multiple times, making them a more efficient choice than older methods. Who this helps: This benefits scientists and healthcare workers who need reliable and reusable tools for chemical analysis.

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This study focused on improving the detection and classification of skin cancer using a machine learning model, specifically an enhanced version of the VGG19 model. The researchers found that by combining this enhanced model with traditional classifiers, they significantly increased the accuracy of distinguishing between malignant and benign skin lesions. This advancement is important because early detection of skin cancer can lead to better treatment outcomes and saves lives. Who this helps: This research benefits patients at risk of skin cancer by providing better tools for early diagnosis.

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This study looked at how effective the drug remdesivir is for patients with COVID-19 at a hospital in Pakistan. It involved 108 patients, out of which 52 received remdesivir. Those who took the drug showed significant improvements: 58% had better oxygen levels, 58.2% had improved ferritin levels, 67.8% had better chest X-ray results, and 66.7% were discharged from the hospital, especially those with moderate illness. Who this helps: This helps COVID-19 patients and their doctors in making informed treatment choices.

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This study looks at a type of chemical compounds called isoxazoles and their potential as new cancer treatments that work as PARP inhibitors. While existing PARP inhibitors are already used in certain cancers, the researchers found that isoxazoles could block multiple cancer cell pathways and may help overcome treatment resistance. This is important because it opens up new possibilities for developing more effective cancer therapies in the future. Who this helps: Patients with cancer, especially those resistant to current treatments.

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This study looked at how mothers in Pakistan understand, feel about, and manage childhood obesity among their children. It found that almost 28% of children in the study were obese, and while many mothers were aware of the health risks—like diabetes—associated with obesity, only 60% had moderate knowledge of the issue. The research highlights that while mothers generally have a positive attitude toward controlling obesity, stigmatization of obese children is widespread, and their practices are impacted by education and socioeconomic status. Who this helps: This will benefit mothers and families by informing them about effective strategies to manage childhood obesity.

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This paper examines the use of nanozymes, which are tiny materials that act like enzymes, in detecting and breaking down environmental pollutants such as heavy metals and toxic chemicals. Researchers found that these nanozymes can effectively help clean up pollutants and have potential uses ranging from improving air quality to fighting harmful bacteria, but there are concerns about their safety in the environment. Understanding both their benefits and risks is essential for their safe application in real-world settings. Who this helps: This research benefits environmental scientists, policymakers, and public health advocates.

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This study looked at how changing diets can help treat depression, a mental illness affecting over 300 million people worldwide. Researchers found that all five studies they reviewed showed improvements in mood for patients who made dietary changes, but it was hard to compare the results because the diets and measurements were quite different. This research is important because it highlights the potential of diet as a helpful tool in treating depression, which could lead to better options for patients. Who this helps: Patients suffering from depression.

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The MindKind study explored how involving young people in mental health research through online advisory groups impacts both the research process and the participants. The researchers found that this collaboration led to better research outcomes, improved communication among team members, and stronger relationships, ultimately enhancing the young participants' understanding of mental well-being. They identified five key areas of positive impact and also noted challenges faced during the process, emphasizing the need for better planning and evaluation in future coproduction efforts. Who this helps: This benefits young people participating in mental health research and the researchers who work with them.

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This study looked at how using antibiotics at the same time or soon after treating a Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) affects the chances of getting the infection again. Researchers found that patients who took antibiotics during and after CDI treatment had much higher recurrence rates: 19.1% for those using antibiotics both during and after treatment, compared to only 4.3% for those who didn't take antibiotics at all. These findings highlight the importance of carefully managing antibiotic use in patients being treated for CDI to prevent re-infection. Who this helps: This helps patients with CDI and their doctors in preventing future infections.

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This study looked at new ways to create special metal surfaces using 3D printing techniques that are not only flexible but also can be recycled. Researchers used methods like coating metal surfaces with tiny particles to enhance their ability to detect substances. They found that this approach allows for making intricate metal designs while reducing waste, which could be crucial for improving tests for diseases or monitoring chemical processes. Who this helps: This helps patients and medical professionals by advancing tools for quick and accurate diagnostics.

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This study looked at teenagers with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who were using a treatment called positive airway pressure (PAP) when they switched from pediatric to adult healthcare. Researchers found that these young patients significantly decreased their use of PAP, going from an average of 5 hours per day to just 2.6 hours per day in the year following the transition. This decline is concerning because proper PAP use is critical for managing their sleep apnea effectively. Who this helps: This research helps identify challenges for youth transitioning from pediatric to adult care, assisting doctors in providing better support during this critical period.

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Researchers looked at the costs and benefits of a specialized clinic for older cancer patients, using data from 152 patients with an average age of 82. They found that the clinic saved over CAD 1.1 million, or about CAD 7,387 per patient, by modifying treatment plans for more than half of the patients based on a geriatric assessment. These results highlight the importance of such clinics in improving patient care and lowering costs for healthcare systems. Who this helps: Older cancer patients and their doctors benefit from the insights gained in this study.

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This study focuses on a rare medical case involving a patient who developed two peptic ulcers that burst (known as perforation) after experiencing stress from a surgery (a cesarean section) just 10 days prior. The patient’s recovery was delayed, and this stress, combined with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), contributed to the danger of having both ulcers perforate. This finding is important because it highlights the potential risks of surgery-related stress and certain medications, which can lead to serious complications in patients recovering from surgery. Who this helps: This information benefits doctors caring for patients who have undergone surgery, particularly those at risk for peptic ulcers.

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This study looked at a rare case of a woman who developed appendicitis again, even after having her appendix removed 12 years earlier. Despite her previous surgery, she experienced severe abdominal pain and doctors discovered she had full-blown appendicitis, which was not caused by any leftover tissue from her earlier operation. This is important because it highlights the need for doctors to be vigilant about recognizing different types of appendicitis, as failing to do so can lead to serious complications. Who this helps: This helps doctors and patients who have a history of appendectomy.

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This study examined a new soft tissue option made from fish, called Omega-3 piscine acellular dermal matrix (OADM), for repairing gum defects in dogs. Researchers used six beagle dogs and compared the healing of defects treated with this fish-derived material to traditional connective tissue grafts. They found that both treatments healed well, without any negative reactions to the fish material, and both types resulted in normal gum appearance after two months. Who this helps: This research benefits dentists and their patients needing gum repair procedures.

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This study looked at a rare condition called delayed splenic rupture, which can happen after a seemingly minor abdominal injury. In one case, a patient developed this problem eight weeks after falling, showing symptoms like abdominal pain and a specific sign indicating spleen issues. The findings emphasize that even minor injuries warrant careful follow-up to catch any complications early, as imaging tests may not show problems right away. Who this helps: This helps patients who have experienced abdominal trauma by highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring.

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This paper reviews indazole derivatives, which are nitrogen-containing compounds important for medicine. It highlights that 1H-indazole is the most stable form compared to 2H-indazole, and several FDA-approved drugs made from indazoles are effective against cancers and nausea. The study emphasizes the challenges in producing these compounds due to their limited natural sources and low yields in synthesis. Who this helps: This helps patients suffering from various cancers and related conditions.

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This study explored how caregivers at children's religious schools and foster care centers in Lahore, Pakistan think about and manage kids' oral health. The researchers found that caregivers' personal beliefs and cultural practices heavily influence children's oral hygiene; for instance, caregivers used traditional methods instead of specialized dental care. This is important because it highlights the need for better education on oral health among caregivers to ensure children maintain strong teeth and gums. Who this helps: This benefits children in foster care and religious schools, as well as their caregivers.

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This research paper looks at how dentistry can be used in criminal cases to identify people or link suspects to crimes. It highlights that dental records can provide important information, especially for identifying remains that are damaged or decomposed, and notes that advancements in DNA technology make it easier to use saliva found in bite marks for identification. This is important because it helps law enforcement solve crimes more effectively and ensures that justice is served. Who this helps: This helps police investigators and legal professionals.

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This research studied how often older adults with cancer experience delirium when receiving chemotherapy and what might cause it. Of the studies reviewed, delirium was reported in about 9% of these patients, with some studies showing rates as high as 51%. Understanding the risk and finding better ways to prevent or treat delirium is important because it can seriously affect the health and recovery of older patients undergoing cancer treatment. Who this helps: This helps older cancer patients and their doctors.

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This research looked at a protein complex called gamma-secretase and its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a condition that leads to severe memory loss and cognitive decline, particularly in older adults. They found that when gamma-secretase improperly processes a specific protein, it can produce harmful amyloid beta, a substance that builds up in the brains of people with AD. Understanding how to block gamma-secretase’s action could be a key step in preventing or treating Alzheimer's. Who this helps: This benefits patients at risk for or diagnosed with Alzheimer's, as well as their families and caregivers.

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This study looked at how a protein called FAM26F changes when someone is infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and how certain treatments can affect this change. Researchers found that FAM26F levels were significantly lower in people and cell lines infected with HBV compared to healthy controls, but treatments with specific antioxidants and calcium blockers increased its levels. This is important because it suggests that FAM26F could be a marker to help detect HBV infections early and guide treatment. Who this helps: This benefits patients with hepatitis B and their doctors.

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This study looked at how well non-surgical treatments worked for patients with thyroid eye disease, specifically Graves ophthalmopathy, using a team of eye and hormone specialists. Out of 27 patients, those with mild to moderate symptoms improved significantly with simple measures like using artificial tears and cold compresses, while moderate cases sometimes needed steroids, and more severe cases required surgery. Understanding these treatment options is important as it helps manage symptoms effectively and guides doctors in providing appropriate care based on the severity of the disease. Who this helps: This helps patients with thyroid eye disease and their doctors.

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This study looked at 515 patients who had abnormal computerized EKG results to see which factors might indicate that these results are clinically important. They found that older age, a history of coronary artery disease, and diabetes significantly increased the chances of finding heart abnormalities during follow-up tests, while low voltage readings on EKGs suggested less concern. Understanding these connections helps doctors decide how to manage patients with abnormal EKGs more effectively. Who this helps: This helps doctors providing care for patients with heart issues.

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This study looked at diabetic patients with foot ulcers who were treated at a hospital in Pakistan to find out what factors lead to lower limb amputations. The research involved 135 patients, all of whom required amputations, and it found that 67% of these patients had poorly controlled blood sugar levels when they were treated. It also showed that severe wounds and infections increased the risk of needing amputations. This matters because better management of diabetes and early treatment of foot ulcers can prevent many amputations. Who this helps: Patients with diabetes and foot ulcers.

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This study looked at how diastolic dysfunction (DD), a type of heart problem, affects the long-term survival and quality of life of patients with aortic stenosis who have undergone a procedure called transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Out of 222 patients, those with more severe DD had a significantly higher death rate after the procedure—25-28% compared to just 5% for those without DD. However, all groups reported similar improvements in their quality of life after the procedure, regardless of their DD severity. Who this helps: Patients with aortic stenosis and their doctors.

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This study looked at how cognitive impairment (CI) affects older adults being treated for cancer. Out of 82 patients, 46 tested positive for CI, with 12 diagnosed with dementia and 8 with mild cognitive impairment. The findings showed that CI influenced cancer treatment decisions in 40% of cases, highlighting a need for better education about the risks of delirium and addressing cognitive issues in patient care. Who this helps: This helps older cancer patients and their healthcare providers.

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Researchers studied the genetic factors that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and related health issues by analyzing data from over 1.4 million participants. They discovered 318 new genetic locations associated with type 2 diabetes, identified new genetic links to damage in the eyes and other vascular complications, and found a strong connection between genetic risk scores and the likelihood of developing eye disease. These findings are important because they may lead to better treatments and preventive strategies for type 2 diabetes and its complications. Who this helps: This helps patients with type 2 diabetes and healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how fasting during Ramadan affects the disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Researchers found that both fasting and non-fasting patients showed improvement in their RA symptoms, but the fasting group had lower disease activity scores after Ramadan (3.49) compared to non-fasting patients (3.98). This is important because it shows that RA patients who choose to fast can do so safely without making their condition worse. Who this helps: This helps rheumatoid arthritis patients who want to observe Ramadan.

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This study focused on a protein called FAM26F, which plays a role in infections, cancer, and immune responses. Researchers found that FAM26F is mainly located in the Golgi apparatus, a part of the cell, and interacts with 44 other proteins, with over half of them involved in the immune system. This discovery is important because it helps explain how FAM26F may regulate immune responses in stressful or diseased states. Who this helps: This helps doctors and researchers working on immune-related diseases and cancer therapies.

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This study looked at elderly veterans with severe aortic stenosis who did not show any symptoms at first. Out of 324 patients, half had surgery to replace their heart valve, and those who did lived about 10 years on average, while those who didn’t only lived about 4.8 years. The findings indicate that many patients died before showing any symptoms of their condition, suggesting that doctors shouldn't just wait for symptoms to decide on surgery. Who this helps: This helps patients with heart conditions and their doctors by highlighting the importance of proactive treatment.

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This study looked at skin problems in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who were being treated with a drug called imatinib. Out of 132 patients, 48.5% had swelling around the eyes, 76.5% experienced skin darkening, and 43.9% had increased sensitivity to sunlight. These findings show that while imatinib is effective for CML, it can also cause significant skin issues, and doctors may need to consider other treatments or adjust the duration of imatinib use to manage these side effects. Who this helps: This helps patients with CML and their doctors in managing skin-related side effects of treatment.

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This study looked at how young people with obstructive sleep apnea (a condition that disrupts breathing during sleep) transition from pediatric to adult care. Researchers found that the number of young people with this condition is growing due to factors like increasing rates of obesity and more children living into adulthood with complex health issues. It's crucial to manage sleep apnea properly to prevent further health problems, and the study emphasizes the need for better systems to help these young patients move to adult healthcare smoothly. Who this helps: This helps young patients with sleep apnea and their healthcare providers.

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This study looked at how taking vitamin D affects blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes who also have low levels of vitamin D. It included 140 patients, with one group taking vitamin D and the other group not. After three months, those who took vitamin D had significantly lower glycated hemoglobin levels, which is a marker of blood sugar control. Who this helps: This benefits patients with type 2 diabetes who have vitamin D deficiency.

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This study looked at cystic echinococcosis (CE), a serious infection caused by a parasite, in northeastern Punjab, Pakistan, between 2012 and 2017. Researchers found 198 cases, with most affected individuals being women (58.6%), and the highest number of cases in people aged 21-30 (24.2%). CE is mostly found in the liver (47.4%) and lungs (18.6%), indicating it is a significant public health issue in this region. Who this helps: This information benefits patients and healthcare providers in Punjab who are managing cases of cystic echinococcosis.

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This study looked at how common pre-diabetes is in patients with and without a Helicobacter pylori infection who suffer from stomach issues. It found that 58.5% of patients with the infection (Group A) had pre-diabetes compared to 45.9% of those without it (Group B). This difference is significant, meaning that H. pylori infection is linked to a higher risk of pre-diabetes, which is important for identifying and managing potential health problems early on. Who this helps: Patients at risk of pre-diabetes and their doctors.

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This study investigated whether montelukast, a medication typically used for asthma, can lower the risk of Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) in patients with dengue fever. Results showed that montelukast reduced the risk of DSS by 22%, meaning it significantly lowered the chances of developing this severe condition, with a relative risk reduction of 71%. This is important because DSS can lead to serious health issues and death among dengue patients, so using montelukast could prevent many of these outcomes. Who this helps: Patients with dengue fever.